LEARNING MUTANT BIOCHEMISTRY VISUAL PATHWAY

学习突变生物化学视觉途径

• 批准号: 3074828
• 负责人: MARGARET S LIVINGSTONE
• 金额: $ 5.27万
• 依托单位: HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-12-01 至 1989-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3074828
• 关键词: Drosophilidae; Macaca; Saimiri; adenylate cyclase; association learning; behavioral genetics; behavioral habituation /sensitization; brain mapping; color visions; cyclic AMP; cytochrome oxidase; ethology; genetic manipulation; intercellular connection; learning disorders; memory; molecular cloning; molecular psychobiology; mutant; neural information processing; neurotransmitter biosynthesis; neurotransmitters; response generalization; stimulus generalization; visual cortex; visual depth perception; visual pathways

For the last five years I have been involved in two, rather different, areas of research. The first is a study of the biochemical processes involved in learning, analyzing learning and memory mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila can learn. They exhibit time-associative learning in several behavioral tests: They will selectively avoid odors previously associated with electric shock or will show a preference for odors previously associated with a sucrose reward. Five single gene mutations in Drosophila have been isolated which either abolish learning in these tests or shorten memory. Research in many other systems, both vertebrate and invertebrate, has suggested that modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels plays an important role in behavioral plasticity. Results with Drosophila support this idea: Three mutants that do not learn have defects that directly or indirectly alter cyclic AMP metabolism. This project will initially focus on one learning mutant, rutabaga, with a defect in the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Biochemical and genetic studies of this mutant should yield information about the enzyme itself and how it is involved in behavioral plasticity. We will also use specific biochemical selection screens to isolate other mutants in this pathway and characterize them. The second project is a collaboration and represents continuation of work begun in 1979. The immediate objective of these studies is to determine the anatomical connections and physiological significance of certain cytochrome oxidase dense structures in primate areas 17 and 18. We have already shown that cells in the densely staining blobs of area 17 are concerned with color, that they are closely interconnected in 17, and are specifically connected to the thinner of two sets of densely staining stripes in 18. We plan to examine these connections in more detail, using axonal transport methods, and to extend our recent physiological studies to area 18, to learn how the color information is further processed in the thin stripes. We have strong hints that the thicker stripes are concerned with stereoscopic depth perception, and plan to examine this further. One long-range objective is to find out more about the effects of neuromodulators in mammalian central nervous systems. A study on the influence of sleep and arousal in area 17 will be continued and extended, within the next year or so.

在过去的五年中，我参与了两个，相当不同， 研究领域。 首先是对生化过程的研究 参与学习，分析果蝇的学习和记忆突变体 Melanogaster。 果蝇可以学习。 他们在几个 行为测试：它们将有选择地避免先前相关的气味 用电击或以前会偏爱气味 与蔗糖奖励有关。 果蝇中的五个单基因突变 已经被隔离了，在这些测试中取消学习或缩短 记忆。 在许多其他系统（脊椎动物和无脊椎动物）中进行研究， 已经表明，细胞内环状AMP水平的调节播放 在行为可塑性中的重要作用。 果蝇支持的结果 这个想法：三个不学习的突变体具有直接的缺陷或 间接改变环状AMP代谢。 这个项目最初将集中精力 在一个学习突变体的rutabaga上，腺苷酸酶缺陷 循环酶。 该突变体的生化和遗传研究应产生 有关酶本身及其如何参与行为的信息 可塑性。 我们还将使用特定的生化选择屏幕 在此途径中隔离其他突变体并将其表征。 第二个项目是协作，代表着工作的延续 始于1979年。这些研究的直接目的是确定 某些人的解剖联系和生理意义 灵长类动物区域的细胞色素氧化酶致密结构17和18。 已经表明，区域17的密集染色斑点中的细胞是 与颜色有关，它们在17中紧密相互联系，并且是 专门连接到两组密集染色的薄的薄 18中的条纹。我们计划使用 轴突运输方法，并将我们最近的生理研究扩展到 第18区，了解如何进一步处理颜色信息 细条纹。 我们有很大的暗示，较厚的条纹 具有立体深度感知，并计划进一步研究。 一个远程目标是了解更多有关 哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的神经调节剂。 关于 在17区的睡眠和唤醒的影响将继续并扩展， 在明年左右。