A cultural landscape approach to improve governance of pastoral food systems in East Africa and Beyond

改善东非及其他地区牧区粮食系统治理的文化景观方法

• 批准号: AH/T004282/1
• 负责人: Thomas Currie
• 金额: $ 22.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FT004282%2F1
• 关键词: cultural; landscape; approach; improve; governance

Cultural beliefs and practices associated with extensive mobile pastoralism enable people to live in arid regions. In East Africa modernization and increasing population densities combined with national economic policies have caused fragmentation of rangelands and soil degradation, and thus broader economic and ecological problems. Community-based rangeland conservancies provide a potential solution to these challenges and address several Sustainable Development Goals by providing food security and improved nutrition; restoring degraded land; conserving ecosystems and their services; and establishing more inclusive forms of governance that incorporate previously under-represented groups, such as women or young, unmarried men. Despite some successes, there is a great deal of variation both in the willingness of pastoral groups to establish conservancies, and in the effectiveness and inclusiveness of governance in those conservancies that have been established. Relationships between different conservancies in challenging times have also shown the limitations of an approach based on the functioning of single conservancies. A greater understanding of how to manage rangelands more effectively and improve pastoral food systems can come from understand the landscape of different levels and scales at play in the rangelands, and the diverse cultures and institutions for managing these resources. Attempts to establish new models of community governance and rangeland management, as envisaged by the conservancy model, need to be taken up and accepted by communities, and therefore need to be suited and adapted to the different cultural and ecological situations that make up the landscape.In this partnership we will bring together a network of researchers from economics, anthropology, behavioural ecology, and psychology with policy makers in order to understand how contextually-driven policies can be developed that effectively promote sustainable and inclusive systems of pastoral food production in a way that respects and leverages the traditions and culture of pastoralist communities, and takes into account the interactions between different levels of these systems. The project will involve meetings between researchers and policy makers, and participatory workshops with local communities in order to co-design research activities and future research applications that both meet the needs of communities and are directed towards shaping policy in an evidence-based manner. We will conduct pilot fieldwork in collaboration with local communities that will involve 3 different strands: 1) A Photovoice approach that will document the stories of local communities in producing food, their experiences of governance, and their interactions with other communities, 2) Collecting information on community governance and inclusivity, and relationships with other communities via Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions, 3) Conducting questionnaires that will aim to elucidate the social psychological factors that either facilitate or inhibit adoption of inclusive and sustainable rangeland governance practices.The project will result in the establishment of knowledge-exchange network with the immediate outputs from the project being a photovoice exhibit, community reports, open access academic papers, a project website and associated social media, and policy briefing documents. Longer term this novel interdisciplinary collaboration will help highlight the challenges pastoralists face, understand the ways in which community-based inclusive forms of sustainable rangeland governance can be established, and improve the capacity to develop more contextually-driven and culture-focused policy relating to sustainable pastoralist food systems. We will explore how approaches to establishing inclusive and sustainable governance of food systems can be adapted and applied to enhance pastoralist and other food production systems beyond East Africa.

与广泛流动牧业相关的文化信仰和习俗使人们能够生活在干旱地区。在东非，现代化和不断增加的人口密度与国家经济政策相结合，造成了牧场的碎片化和土壤退化，从而造成了更广泛的经济和生态问题。以社区为基础的牧场养护为这些挑战提供了潜在的解决办法，并通过提供粮食安全和改善营养、恢复退化的土地、养护生态系统及其服务以及建立更具包容性的治理形式来实现若干可持续发展目标，其中包括妇女或年轻的未婚男子等以前代表性不足的群体。尽管取得了一些成功，但无论是在牧民团体建立保护区的意愿方面，还是在已经建立的保护区的治理的有效性和包容性方面，都存在着很大的差异。在充满挑战的时代，不同保护机构之间的关系也表明了基于单一保护机构运作的方法的局限性。更好地了解如何更有效地管理牧场和改善牧区食物系统，可以通过了解牧场中不同层次和规模的景观以及管理这些资源的不同文化和机构来实现。按照保护模式的设想，建立社区治理和牧场管理的新模式的尝试需要得到社区的接受和接受，因此需要适应和适应构成景观的不同文化和生态情况。在这种伙伴关系中，我们将把来自经济学、人类学、行为生态学和心理学的研究人员与政策制定者聚集在一起，以了解如何制定背景驱动的政策，以尊重和利用牧民社区的传统和文化的方式有效地促进可持续和包容性的牧区粮食生产系统，并考虑到这些系统不同水平之间的相互作用。该项目将包括研究人员和政策制定者之间的会议，以及与当地社区的参与性讲习班，以便共同设计研究活动和未来的研究应用，既满足社区的需要，又以循证方式制定政策。我们将与当地社区合作开展试点实地工作，涉及三个不同方面：1)使用PhotoVoice方法记录当地社区在生产粮食方面的故事、他们的治理经验以及他们与其他社区的互动；2)通过主要线人访谈和焦点小组讨论收集关于社区治理和包容性以及与其他社区关系的信息；3)进行问卷调查，旨在阐明促进或阻碍采用包容性和可持续的牧场治理做法的社会心理因素。项目将建立知识交流网络，项目的直接成果是PhotoVoice展览、社区报告、开放获取的学术论文、项目网站和相关的社交媒体，以及政策简报文件。从长远来看，这种新的跨学科合作将有助于突出牧民面临的挑战，了解如何建立以社区为基础的包容性形式的可持续牧场治理，并提高制定与可持续牧民粮食系统有关的更受背景驱动和注重文化的政策的能力。我们将探讨如何调整和应用建立包容性和可持续的粮食系统治理的方法，以加强东非以外的牧民和其他粮食生产系统。

项目成果

Supplementary methods from The cultural evolution and ecology of institutions

《文化演化与制度生态学》的补充方法

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14446761
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Currie T

The cultural evolution and ecology of institutions.

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0047
• 发表时间: 2021-07-05
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: Currie TE;Campenni M;Flitton A;Njagi T;Ontiri E;Perret C;Walker L
• 通讯作者: Walker L

Willingness to cooperate in shared natural resource management is linked to group identification through perceived efficacy and group norms

共享自然资源管理方面的合作意愿通过感知效能和群体规范与群体认同相关联

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/acca33
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Environmental Research Letters
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Rabinovich A