Addressing the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in Brazil.

在巴西，商业性剥削儿童（CSEC）是一个被广泛忽视的主要问题。新出现的证据表明，由于巴西的经济危机和COVID-19大流行，越来越多的儿童成为这种令人发指的犯罪行为的受害者或易受其伤害。然而，现有的政策反应在有效解决这一问题方面表现出有限的成功，尤其是在当前危机背景下。缺乏有力的证据表明，什么能够支持有效的政策制定，而幸存者的声音和观点在这些过程中明显缺失。然而，目前全面解决这一问题的机会并不多，而且要以一种强有力的、循证的、幸存者知情的方式来解决这一问题，因为在未来18个月内，巴西将重新制定一些管理CSEC应对的关键州和国家计划。我们的研究将通过对幸存者和处于危险中的儿童进行丰富的叙述性访谈，以及对从事保护和执法工作的组织的关键线人进行半结构化访谈，帮助填补巴西关于儿童性虐待的知识空白。幸存者和有风险儿童的叙述将提供关于转诊和支持经验的直接见解，确定幸存者的需求，提供方面的差距，以及幸存者和儿童自己对如何改革政策和实践的看法。这种叙事分析（采用基于道德讲故事的方法）使幸存者和儿童能够控制自己对研究的参与，为对话设定优先事项和议程，从而形成调查结果和建议。访谈将侧重于总结与巴西现有的支持基础设施合作的经验，帮助确定国家和州政策之间的差距，以及实际情况。这些原始数据将与法律、政策和结构审查相结合，确定当前的反应和差距，以及对行政和案例数据的分析，以便对CSEC政策和实践进行多尺度的跨学科调查。综合起来，这些数据将有助于对CSEC的动态、犯罪模式的持续演变、州和国家应对措施的差距及其实施提供更完整、更细致的看法。该项目将提供所需的证据和指导，以快速、循证和以幸存者为中心修订政策，并保护巴西的儿童性暴力侵害儿童，这些政策和保护代表了生活经验的背景和完整性，为更有效的国家和州级儿童性暴力侵害对策提供基础。我们的研究承认CSEC受外生冲击和环境因素的影响。COVID-19、为应对大流行而采取的措施以及长期的社会和经济影响已经并可能继续加剧这一问题，对儿童遭受性侵犯的脆弱性、巴西最脆弱社区的普遍不稳定性以及用于性剥削他们的方法产生巨大影响。巴西的经济危机和政治变化也极大地影响了CSEC的脆弱性、动态和应对措施。然而，关于这些变化动态的证据极其有限。因此，本研究将解决这些外生冲击对CSEC的关键影响，制定受害者援助工作流程、政策和实践指导，以帮助减轻其不利影响，并帮助保护巴西最脆弱的儿童。

Commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) is a major and widely neglected problem in Brazil. Emerging evidence indicates that increasing numbers of children are becoming victims of, or vulnerable to, this heinous criminal act as a result of Brazil's economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, existing policy responses have demonstrated limited success in effectively tackling the problem, particularly in this crisis context. There is a lack of robust evidence of what works to support effective policy development, and survivor voices and perspectives have been notably absent from these processes. However, there is currently a narrow window of opportunity to address this problem comprehensively-and in a robust, evidence-based and survivor-informed manner-as a number of the key state and national plans that govern CSEC response in Brazil are due to be reformulated in the next 18 months. Our study will help fill knowledge gaps on CSEC in Brazil by drawing on rich narrative interviews with survivors and children at-risk, as well as semi-structured interviews with key informants from organisations working in protection and enforcement. The narratives of survivors and at-risk children will provide direct insights into experiences of referral and support, identifying survivors needs, gaps in provision, and survivors and children's own perspectives on how policy and practice should be reformed. This narrative analysis (adopting an approach based on ethical storytelling) allows survivors and children to control their own participation in the research, set the priorities and agenda for the conversation, and therefore shape findings and recommendations. Interviews will focus on eliciting experiences of working with, and within, the support infrastructure that exists in Brazil, helping to identify gaps between national and state policy, and realities on the ground. This primary data will be combined with law, policy, and structural review identifying current responses and gaps, as well as analysis of administrative and case data, for a multi-scalar interdisciplinary investigation of CSEC policy and practice. Brought together, this data will help to provide a more complete and nuanced view of the dynamics of CSEC, continued evolutions to offending patterns, and gaps in state and national responses, and their implementation. The project will provide the evidence and guidance needed for rapid, evidence-based and survivor-centred revisions to policy and safeguarding of children from CSEC in Brazil, that represent the context and integrity of lived experience, to provide the basis for more effective national and state-level CSEC responses. Our research acknowledges that CSEC is influenced by exogenous shocks and environmental factors. COVID-19, the measures employed in response to the pandemic, and the long-term social and economic impacts have, and will likely continue to exacerbate this problem, having a huge impact on children's vulnerability to CSEC, and the general precarity of Brazil's most vulnerable communities, as well as the methods used to sexually exploit them. Brazil's economic crisis and political shifts have also substantially influenced CSEC vulnerabilities, dynamics, and responses. Yet, evidence on these changing dynamics is extremely limited. This research will therefore tackle the critical impacts of these exogenous shocks on CSEC, formulating victim assistance workflows, policy and practice guidance to help mitigate their adverse impacts and help protect Brazil's most vulnerable children.