Translating the Avesta: The Avestan and Pahlavi Versions of the Hom Yasht

翻译阿维斯塔：阿维斯坦和巴列维版本的《Hom Yasht》

• 批准号: AH/W005859/1
• 负责人: Mehrbod Khanizadeh
• 金额: $ 19.84万
• 依托单位: School of Oriental and African Studies
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW005859%2F1
• 关键词: Translating; Avesta; Avestan; Pahlavi; Versions

The Yasna of 72 chapters is the chief ritual text of Zoroastrianism, the main religion of pre-Islamic Iran, which shares a common heritage with the language and culture of Ancient India as documented in the Vedas. Yasna 9-11 is dedicated to Haoma, a deity who represents the embodiment of the sacrificial plant used in the Yasna. During the Yasna ceremony, twigs of the plant are pressed to extract its juice. As a result, Yasna 9-11 recounts that the deity rewards worshippers with strength, victory, health, knowledge, and excellent offspring. Yasna 9 begins with a dialogue between the prophet Zarathushtra and Haoma. The latter tells Zarathushtra about illustrious heroes, culminating in Zarathushtra's own father, who pressed him in the past, and about wonderful sons, including Zarathusthra himself, who were born to them as a reward for the sacrificial act. The core of Yasna 9-11 encompasses a series of prayers and eulogies.The original text of the Yasna is in Avestan, an Iranian language spoken ca. 1500-500 BCE. The Avestan texts were in all likelihood transmitted orally until the Sasanian period (224-651 CE) when they were written down in a consciously invented and precise phonetic script reflecting the pronunciation of the words. During the Sasanian and early Islamic periods, Zoroastrian priests also translated and commented on the Yasna in Pahlavi, the Middle Iranian language of the province of Pars. In the manuscripts, the Pahlavi version alternates with its Avestan original and the codices that include them are traditionally called the Pahlavi Yasna manuscripts. In spite of the significance of the Pahlavi version for the history of Zoroastrian thought, it has mainly been treated as an auxiliary text to its Avestan counterpart. Combining new methods in textual criticism and tools in Digital Humanities, this project proposes to fill this gap by providing the first-ever text-critical edition of the Pahlavi version of the hymn to Haoma (Pahlavi Hom).The project will produce full-text digital transliterations of Pahlavi Yasna 9-11 of nine text-critically important manuscripts in XML (Extensible Markup Language) and will publish them online to be accessible to researchers for further studies. The XML transliterations will be uploaded onto the collation software CollateX by means of which the readings will be either categorised as main variants or regularised under their main variants as text-critically insignificant sub-readings. The collation will then be exported into the typesetting software LaTeX to form the critical apparatus as part of the edition. The print edition will offer the edited Pahlavi text in transcription with an English translation. As the Pahlavi version occurs together with its Avestan original in the manuscripts, the Avestan text and its English translation as edited in the MUYA project at SOAS (2016-2021), will be provided for convenient consultation. The Pahlavi section of each stanza will be followed by an in-depth commentary discussing literary, linguistic, ritual, and other features of the Pahlavi version. The edition will also provide the edited Pahlavi text in transliteration together with the text-critical apparatus of variant readings. The research will enhance the understanding of the UK public of Zoroastrianism, one of Iran's great contributions to the history of human thought. This research will also contribute to the UK public awareness of about 5000 Zoroastrians, living in the UK, and will raise the understanding of the Zoroastrian community and Iranians of their own past. Khanizadeh intends to create a project website and a twitter page to post project news and also to collaborate with popular cultural magazines and websites to create international awareness of the project. He will also deliver a talk at the annual Kutar Memorial Lecture at SOAS on "The Transmission of Zoroastrian Literature" in the second year of the project to reach out to wider audiences, both academic and non-academic.

72章的Yasna是琐罗亚斯德教的主要仪式文本，琐罗亚斯德教是前伊斯兰伊朗的主要宗教，与吠陀中记载的古印度的语言和文化有着共同的遗产。Yasna 9-11是献给Haoma的，Haoma是一位代表Yasna中使用的祭祀植物的化身的神。在Yasna仪式上，植物的枝条被挤压以提取其汁液。因此，亚斯纳9-11叙述说，神奖励崇拜者的力量，胜利，健康，知识，和优秀的后代。Yasna 9以先知Zarathushtra和Haoma之间的对话开始。后者告诉琐罗亚斯德关于杰出的英雄，在琐罗亚斯德自己的父亲中达到顶峰，他在过去压迫他，以及关于美妙的儿子，包括琐罗亚斯德自己，他们出生作为牺牲行为的奖励。Yasna 9-11的核心包括一系列的祈祷和颂词。Yasna的原始文本是阿维斯陀语，一种伊朗语言，大约在1999年。公元前1500-500年。阿维斯陀文本在所有的可能性口头传播，直到萨珊时期（224-651 CE），当他们写下来，在一个有意识地发明和精确的语音脚本反映了发音的话。在萨珊王朝和早期伊斯兰时期，琐罗亚斯德教的祭司也翻译和评论了巴列维语的《亚斯那》，巴列维语是伊朗中部帕斯省的语言。在手稿中，巴列维版本交替与其阿维斯陀原始和抄本，包括他们传统上被称为巴列维Yasna手稿。尽管巴列维版本的琐罗亚斯德教思想的历史意义，它主要是作为一个辅助文本对待其阿维斯陀对应。结合文本批评的新方法和数字人文学的工具，该项目建议通过提供第一个巴列维版本的《好玛赞美诗》文本评论版来填补这一空白该项目将以XML格式制作九份文本至关重要的手稿中的PahlaviYasna 9-11的全文数字音译（可扩展标记语言），并将在网上公布，供研究人员进一步研究。XML音译将被上传到校对软件CollateX，通过该软件，读数将被归类为主要变体或在其主要变体下被规范为文本关键的无意义子读数。然后将校对输出到排版软件LaTeX中，以形成作为版本一部分的关键设备。印刷版将提供编辑的巴列维文本转录与英文翻译。由于巴列维版本与其阿维斯陀语原件一起出现在手稿中，阿维斯陀语文本及其在SOAS（2016-2021）的MUYA项目中编辑的英语翻译将提供方便的咨询。每节的巴列维节之后将讨论文学，语言，仪式和巴列维版本的其他功能深入的评论。该版本还将提供翻译的编辑巴列维文本连同文本的变异阅读的关键设备。这项研究将增进英国公众对琐罗亚斯德教的了解，琐罗亚斯德教是伊朗对人类思想史的伟大贡献之一。这项研究也将有助于英国公众对生活在英国的大约5000名琐罗亚斯德教徒的认识，并将提高琐罗亚斯德教社区和伊朗人对自己过去的理解。Khanizadeh打算创建一个项目网站和一个twitter页面来发布项目新闻，并与流行文化杂志和网站合作，以提高该项目的国际知名度。他还将在该项目的第二年在SOAS举行的年度Kutar纪念讲座上发表关于“琐罗亚斯德教文学的传播”的演讲，以接触更广泛的学术和非学术受众。