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The UK Overseas Territories: colonialism as a cultural and ecological driver and ensuring equity in environmental research and data exchanges

英国海外领土：殖民主义作为文化和生态驱动力并确保环境研究和数据交换的公平

基本信息

批准号：
AH/W008998/1
负责人：
Jodey Mary Peyton
金额：
$ 14.79万
依托单位：
UK CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY & HYDROLOGY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2022 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW008998%2F1
关键词：
UK Overseas Territories colonialism cultural

项目摘要

British colonialist policies have had, and continue to have, significant social and environmental impacts throughout the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) and former colonies. UKOTs are UK sovereign territory, their citizens are UK citizens. They have played a vital role in the UK's history and cultural development; they support important archaeological and built heritage sites and are home to the most globally important ecosystems and species for which the UK is responsible under international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity. Each of the 14 UKOTs has a unique history of control and domination by European colonialists, all of which are connected to the imperialist foreign policy and former colonial powers exercised by Britain across the world. While Britain's forced migration of millions of enslaved people from Africa to the Americas was most destructive between 1640-1807, it extended from the early 16th century, and its impacts are still felt today in legacies of racial inequality. During this period British colonial practices removed cultural artefacts and materials, natural heritage and scientific capital to the UK and other European collections and only now is repatriation of these valuable collections being considered. British colonialism also impacted the UKOTs environment practices such as deforestation, land clearance for agriculture, and the mass movement and establishment of non-native species both deliberate and accidental, leading to significant impacts on ecosystems. The establishment of invasive non-native species (INNS) has negatively impacted global biodiversity, human health and economies. INNS interact with climate change, being described as a "deadly duo" by the IUCN, increasing the likelihood of extinction events occurring. However, the mass importation and establishment of non-native species has included species that have had positive impacts. Some introduced species can provide climate regulation and prevent soil erosion, whilst others provide food, textiles and medicines. Medicinal plant use can either involve species brought from their original homelands, or the use of species in the new environment similar to known species from the homeland. It is evident that human movement, whether free or forced, has had, and continues to have, a significant impact on the UKOTs unique biodiversity and habitats, and the ability of the local communities living there today to conserve them. The UKOTs form ideal case studies because they are spatially discrete 'island laboratories' acutely affected by INNS and climate change but are also home to plants used for positive impacts such as medicine. This proposal will focus on the current impacts and the role of colonialism on the UKOTs to understand the historical importance of non-native species in shaping the current cultural and ecological climate on the UKOTs. Through two case studies in Montserrat and the Cayman Islands, we seek to address three questions relating to re-discovering hidden knowledge on people, plants and animal species to empowering data sharing between the UKOTs and UK:1. What is the role of colonialism in shaping the current perceptions of children and young people in Montserrat of "weeds and bush" known culturally as medicinal plants? 2. What is the role of colonialism in shaping conservation needs and local views on the endemic blue iguana on the Cayman Islands? 3. How are data and materials from the 14 UKOTs represented in overseas museum and herbarium collections, displays and educational materials? How best can they be shared between the UKOTs and UK to ensure equity in data use in informing education, research and nature conservation?In answering these questions, we seek to address the loss of cultural and ecological heritage in the UKOTs whilst raising awareness of UKOT museum and herbarium collections, highlighting the lack of equity in funding to UKOTs and offering potential solutions to this.

英国的殖民主义政策已经并将继续对整个英国海外领土和前殖民地产生重大的社会和环境影响。UKOT是英国的主权领土，其公民是英国公民。它们在联合王国的历史和文化发展中发挥了至关重要的作用;它们支持重要的考古和建筑遗产遗址，是联合王国根据《生物多样性公约》等国际协定负责保护的全球最重要的生态系统和物种的家园。14个UKOT中的每一个都有欧洲殖民主义者控制和统治的独特历史，所有这些都与帝国主义外交政策和英国在世界各地行使的前殖民权力有关。虽然英国强迫数百万奴隶从非洲迁移到美洲是1640年至1807年期间最具破坏性的，但它从世纪初开始延伸，其影响至今仍在种族不平等的遗产中感受到。在此期间，英国殖民主义者将文物和材料、自然遗产和科学资本转移到联合王国和其他欧洲收藏品，直到现在才考虑将这些宝贵的收藏品归还。英国殖民主义也影响了UKOTs的环境实践，如森林砍伐，农业用地，以及故意和意外的大规模迁移和非本地物种的建立，导致对生态系统的重大影响。入侵性非本地物种（INNS）的建立对全球生物多样性、人类健康和经济产生了负面影响。INNS与气候变化相互作用，被IUCN描述为“致命的二重奏”，增加了灭绝事件发生的可能性。然而，非本地物种的大规模进口和定居也包括产生积极影响的物种。一些引进的物种可以调节气候，防止土壤侵蚀，而其他物种则提供食物，纺织品和药物。药用植物的使用可以涉及从其原产地带来的物种，也可以涉及在新环境中使用与原产地已知物种相似的物种。很明显，人类活动，无论是自由的还是被迫的，已经并将继续对UKOTs独特的生物多样性和栖息地以及今天生活在那里的当地社区保护它们的能力产生重大影响。UKOT形成了理想的案例研究，因为它们是空间离散的“岛屿实验室”，受到INNS和气候变化的严重影响，但也是用于医学等积极影响的植物的家园。该提案将重点关注殖民主义对UKOTs的当前影响和作用，以了解非本地物种在塑造UKOTs当前文化和生态气候方面的历史重要性。通过蒙特塞拉特和开曼群岛的两个案例研究，我们试图解决三个问题，这些问题涉及重新发现关于人类，植物和动物物种的隐藏知识，以增强UKOT和英国之间的数据共享：1。殖民主义在塑造蒙特塞拉特儿童和青年目前对文化上被称为药用植物的"杂草和灌木"的看法方面发挥了什么作用？2.殖民主义在塑造开曼群岛特有的蓝鬣蜥的保护需求和当地观点方面发挥了什么作用？3.来自14个UKOTs的数据和材料在海外博物馆和植物标本馆的收藏、展示和教育材料中的代表性如何？如何在UKOT和英国之间最好地共享这些数据，以确保在教育，研究和自然保护方面公平使用数据？在回答这些问题时，我们寻求解决UKOT中文化和生态遗产的损失，同时提高对UKOT博物馆和植物标本馆收藏的认识，强调UKOT资金缺乏公平性，并提供潜在的解决方案。