The Norse and the Sea: The Maritime Cultural Landscape of Scandinavian Scotland (NaS)

该项目将通过使用考古、书面和地名证据的跨学科方法，调查斯堪的纳维亚苏格兰(公元790-1350年)的海洋文化景观，并解决北欧苏格兰的连通性和沟通的首要问题。“海洋文化景观”一词最初由挪威考古学家克里斯特·韦斯特达尔首创，意为“陆地和水下海洋文化遗迹的统一”。这是他为波塞尼亚/波罗的海地区制定的开创性分析框架的一部分，已在斯堪的纳维亚半岛、德国和北大西洋成功应用。这一概念在斯堪的纳维亚的苏格兰几乎没有被探索过，尽管同样适用于这一地区。通过将这一创新的研究框架与考古和地球物理实地考察相结合，该项目将产生关于海洋文化的新数据，并从一个全新的角度对该地理区域进行重要研究。该项目将建立在三个主要研究方向的基础上：关于斯堪的纳维亚苏格兰的北欧殖民地的现有研究，侧重于苏格兰海洋的较小研究计划，以及来自德国、斯堪的纳维亚和更广泛的北大西洋的海洋文化景观研究。这项研究将通过三个工作包进行。第一个项目包括一个名为苏格兰西部北欧港口的博士项目，将通过地球物理调查和有针对性的挖掘来确定和检查苏格兰的一些北欧登陆点。在第二个工作包中，苏格兰北部和西部的斯堪的纳维亚人：定居点和海洋-地名证据，PDRA和项目合作伙伴将检查地名，以深入了解斯堪的纳维亚苏格兰的海上旅行和港口。数据还将通过对当地民俗的研究和对当地人的采访从口头传统中获得，因为这种传统在苏格兰农村仍然很强大。在斯堪的纳维亚、苏格兰和更广阔的北大西洋的第三套工作包中，将通过对北欧考古遗迹和景观研究的详细分析，创建海洋文化景观以及旅行和通信的总体景观。总而言之，该项目将为斯堪的纳维亚苏格兰提供一个全新的视角。项目成果将在讲习班和会议以及一系列出版物和一个网站上介绍。

This project will investigate the maritime cultural landscape in Scandinavian Scotland (c. AD 790-1350), through an interdisciplinary approach using archaeological, written and toponymic evidence and address the overarching questions of connectivity and communication in Norse Scotland. The term 'maritime cultural landscape' was originally coined by Norwegian archaeologists Christer Westerdahl to denote 'the unity of remnants of maritime culture on land as well as underwater'. This formed part of his ground-breaking analytical framework developed for the Bothnian/Baltic area and which has been successfully applied in Scandinavia, Germany and the North Atlantic. This concept is virtually unexplored for Scandinavian Scotland, despite being equally applicable to this area. By bringing this innovative research framework combined with archaeological and geophysical fieldwork to Scotland, this project will generate new data on maritime culture and enable important study of this geographic area from a whole new perspective.The project will build on three main strands of research: existing research on the Norse settlement of Scandinavian Scotland, smaller research initiatives focusing on maritime Scotland, as well as research on maritime cultural landscape from Germany, Scandinavia and the wider North Atlantic. The research will be carried out through three work packages. The first one encompasses a PhD project entitled Norse harbours in the west of Scotland for which a number of Norse landing places in Scotland will be identified and examined through geophysical survey and targeted excavation. In the second work package The Norse in the North and West of Scotland: settlements and the sea - the toponymic evidence, a PDRA and project partners will examine place-names to provide insight into maritime travel and harbours in Scandinavian Scotland. Data will also be drawn from oral traditions through study of local folklore and interviews with local people, as such traditions are still strong in rural Scotland. In the third work package Travel and communication in Scandinavian Scotland and the wider North Atlantic an overarching view of the maritime cultural landscape as well as travel and communication will be created through detailed analysis of Norse archaeological remains and landscape study. All in all, the project will provide a whole new view of Scandinavian Scotland. The project results will be presented at workshops and conferences as well as a range of publications and a website.