The Other Rome: Centring People and Spaces of Maintenance

另一个罗马：以人员和维护空间为中心

• 批准号: AH/Y000277/1
• 负责人: Francesca Piazzoni
• 金额: $ 22.78万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FY000277%2F1
• 关键词: Other; Rome; Centring; People; Spaces

People imagine Rome as a city of famous monuments. But there is a whole other, hidden Rome: one that exists to maintain its iconic counterpart. A lot of work goes into keeping touristic sites clean. This work is usually carried out by underprivileged and immigrant residents from Eastern Europe or Africa. As they do not look like the Romans that tourists expect to see (that is, white people enjoying "la dolce vita," not sweating labourers), cleaners are labelled as inappropriate users of space and made to work out of sight from visitors and wealthy residents. Hidden spaces too help sustain the tourism industry: alleys and back-rooms create a service infrastructure that profits business and property owners, but hides the people who actually keep the city running. Making this Other Rome visible is key to challenge tourist economies that capitalise on an image of purity, excluding people and spaces that contradict that image. The research will examine how the invisible city of maintenance developed and how it supports the Rome that most people know today. Archival and ethnographic methods will identify how policies and transformations of space have relegated cleaners to a condition of marginality, and how the workers in turn have countered exclusion by forging their own Rome. Special attention will be given to how the city of maintenance is not simply ancillary to, but rather a critical agent of Rome's heritage. Analyses of historical documents will form the first phase of the project. While much has been written on Rome's architecture, most studies focus on the history of celebrated buildings and the influential people who made them. Hardly any work has centred the people who cleaned those spaces. Yet efforts to keep Rome tidy have long shaped the city and its people. Since the late-nineteenth century, poor residents were hired to clean streets and monuments while being prohibited from using those spaces to eat, play, or even loiter. Written and visual sources from three archives will help detail how sanitizing measures relegated poor residents to service activities, and how residents occupied spaces for their daily routines. The second phase will focus on contemporary Rome. Since the 1990s, welfare cuts, rising housing prices, and sanitising regulations of public space have made the historic centre an exclusive playground for tourists and elites. Staging this playground as a theatre of art and power requires keeping streets in order. As administrators struggle with this task due to disinvestments and corruption, managers supplement city services by hiring people to clean churches, shops, and the streets around them. These cleaners are often immigrants who, after traveling for hours to get to the centre, find no services catering to their needs and are asked by employers to remain invisible to tourists. Spatial surveys and interviews with workers, employers, and tourists will investigate how cleaning governance disciplines labourers, and how cleaners use space to fabricate their own city within the city. The last phase of the project will make the Other Rome known to specialised and general publics. Outputs for the former will include an interdisciplinary symposium, a journal article, a book proposal, and a report with design guidelines. Two other outputs will target general audiences. Firstly, made in collaboration with the cleaners, an audio-tour will allow tourists to visit historic sites while listening to workers' memories of those spaces. Secondly, an exhibition will combine historical and present-day photographs, sounds, and digitized archival data on maintenance. Altogether, these activities will show how mainstream representations of Rome systematically erase an essential part of what-and who-the city is about. Recognizing the people who clean and their Rome as integral to the city's identity, the project will set a basis for dismantling exploitative employment and spatial discriminations.

人们想象罗马是一座拥有著名古迹的城市。但还有一个完全不同的、隐藏的罗马：它的存在是为了维护其标志性的罗马。为了保持旅游景点的清洁，需要做大量的工作。这项工作通常由来自东欧或非洲的贫困和移民居民进行。由于他们看起来不像游客期望看到的罗马人(也就是享受La Dolce Vita的白人，而不是汗流浃背的劳动者)，清洁工被贴上了不适当使用空间的标签，不得不在游客和富裕居民看不到的地方工作。隐蔽的空间也有助于维持旅游业：小巷和幕后创造了一种服务基础设施，让企业和业主受益，但隐藏了真正维持城市运转的人。让另一个罗马变得可见，是挑战旅游经济体的关键，这些经济体利用纯洁的形象，排除与这种形象相矛盾的人和空间。这项研究将考察维护这座看不见的城市是如何发展起来的，以及它如何支持今天大多数人所知的罗马。档案和民族志方法将确定政策和空间的转变如何将清洁工降格为边缘状态，以及工人们如何反过来通过打造自己的罗马来对抗排斥。将特别注意维护城如何不仅仅是罗马遗产的辅助，而是一个关键因素。对历史文献的分析将构成该项目的第一阶段。虽然已经有很多关于罗马建筑的文章，但大多数研究都集中在著名建筑的历史以及建造这些建筑的有影响力的人身上。几乎没有任何工作集中在清理这些空间的人身上。然而，保持罗马整洁的努力长期以来一直塑造着这座城市和它的人民。自19世纪末以来，贫穷的居民被雇来打扫街道和纪念碑，但被禁止使用这些空间吃饭、玩耍或甚至闲逛。来自三个档案馆的书面和视觉来源将有助于详细说明消毒措施如何将贫困居民降级为服务活动，以及居民如何占用空间进行日常生活。第二阶段将以当代罗马为重点。自20世纪90年代以来，福利削减、房价上涨和公共空间卫生法规使这个历史悠久的中心成为游客和精英的专属游乐场。将这个游乐场作为一个艺术和权力的剧院，需要保持街道秩序。由于撤资和腐败，管理人员正在为这项任务而苦苦挣扎，管理人员通过雇佣人员清理教堂、商店和周围街道来补充城市服务。这些清洁工通常是移民，他们在旅行了几个小时到达中心后，发现没有满足他们需求的服务，雇主要求他们对游客保持沉默。空间调查和对工人、雇主和游客的采访将调查清洁治理如何管教工人，以及清洁工如何利用空间在城市中制造自己的城市。该项目的最后阶段将让专业人士和普通公众了解另一个罗马。前者的产出将包括一次跨学科研讨会、一篇期刊文章、一份图书提案和一份带有设计指南的报告。另外两项产出将面向普通受众。首先，与清洁工合作制作的音频旅游将允许游客参观历史遗迹，同时聆听工人对这些空间的记忆。其次，展览将结合历史和现代的照片、声音和数字化的维修档案数据。总而言之，这些活动将展示罗马的主流代表如何系统性地抹去这座城市关于什么-以及关于谁-的一个重要部分。该项目承认打扫卫生的人和他们的罗马是城市身份不可或缺的一部分，该项目将为消除剥削性就业和空间歧视奠定基础。