Triangulation of values using different valuation methods - CAVEAT

当适用于文化和遗产资本时，警告将确定并减轻与当前估值方法相关的警告，以供决策参考。CAVEAT将探讨如何最好地利用现有估值技术来评估复杂历史资产(如历史商业街/街区)的存量(和流量)的价值，以提高决策者在社会成本效益分析(SCBS)中使用此类结果时的信心。CAVEAT解决了一个关键的政策和知识缺口。保护遗产资产需要对稀缺资源制度进行投资。历史悠久的英格兰商业街遗产行动区(HSHAZ)计划就是一个例子，说明保护区可能需要协调行动。历史悠久的商业街目前正遭受企业倒闭的影响，如果没有对它们的保护和重新认证的投资，城市就会失去其遗产的核心部分。投资的商业案例要求决策者在社会成本效益分析(SCBS)框架内比较干预的成本和收益。他们面临的主要问题是充分说明与文化资产相关的经济价值(使用和非使用)，并阐明其社会效益，这是简单的市场交易无法获取的。遗产资产不仅仅是它的房地产价值，也就是人们与其使用联系在一起的价值。非使用价值与资产的文化、美学和象征性质量和/或社区对其的情感依恋联系在一起，将此类资产定义为遗产(Throsby，1999)。能够获取与文化遗产相关的非使用价值的唯一方法是基于调查的技术，如选择实验和条件估值，这些方法可以用货币来表示与保护历史资产相关的社会效益。注意事项将几种经济估值技术应用于英国中等城市同一历史商业街，以评估使用价值和非使用价值，并了解估计可能存在差异的原因、偏差来源以及将偏差降至最低的方法。这些技术捕捉使用价值(如享乐定价(HP)和旅行成本(TC)方法)和非使用价值(条件估值(CV)和离散选择实验(DCE)方法)。它调查偏差的来源，如嵌入效应(关于货物范围的估计缺乏变化的问题)和信息效应。它探讨了受访者的情感依恋所起的作用，并将在假设环境(CV和DCE)下获得的价值估计与真实世界的实验进行了比较，在真实实验中，非使用价值发生了实际交易。然后，将CV和DCE的结果与另一座英国城市的一条类似的历史商业街进行测试。该项目使用两个地点之间的利益转移(从第一个地点获得的结果推断可比较地点的预期价值)来测试结果的可靠性，并提出将可能的转移错误降至最低的方法。该项目的主要成果是为研究人员和决策者提供指导，指导他们如何有效和高效地对复杂资产(如历史商业街/历史街区)的估值方法进行三角测量，以及如何将潜在的偏差降至最低。注意事项为未来研究的发展提供了一个框架。这项研究将对英国文化部门乃至更远的地方产生影响。项目组包括两个主要的国际遗产利益攸关方国际文化财产保护与修复研究中心和国际古迹遗址理事会，吸引世界各地的政府和专家参与。项目组包括来自不同学科(建筑、城市规划、遗产保护、文化经济学、环境经济学、遗产宣传、政策制定支持)的专业人员，他们以前曾研究过这些主题，并致力于采取跨学科的方法。

CAVEAT will identify and mitigate the caveats associated with current valuation methods when applied to culture and heritage capital to inform decision making. CAVEAT will explore how to best triangulate existing valuation techniques to assess the value of the stock (and flows) of a complex historic asset, such as a historic high street/neighbourhood, to improve decision makers' confidence when using such results in Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBS).CAVEAT addresses a key policy and knowledge gap. The protection of heritage assets requires investments in a regime of scarce resources. Historic England's High Street Heritage Action Zone (HSHAZ) programme is an example of how conservation areas may require coordinated actions. Historic High Streets are currently suffering from the impact of businesses closures, and without investment in their conservation and requalification, cities lose a central part of their heritage. A business case for investment requires decision makers to compare costs and benefits of the intervention within a Social Cost Benefit Analysis (SCBS) framework. The main problem they face is to fully account for the economic values (both use and non-use) associated with a cultural asset and articulate their social benefits, which cannot be captured by simple market transactions. A heritage asset is more than its real estate value, or the value people associate with its use. The non-use value, linked to the cultural, aesthetic, and symbolic quality of the asset and/or the emotional attachment that communities have toward it, define such asset as heritage (Throsby, 1999). The only methods able to capture the non-use values associated to cultural heritage are survey-based techniques such as choice experiment and contingent valuation, which can be used to express in monetary terms the social benefits associated to the conservation of historic assets. CAVEAT applies several economic valuation techniques to the same historic high street in an English medium sized city to assess the use and non-use values, and understand the reasons for possible divergence in estimates, sources of bias and ways of minimizing them. These techniques capture use values (such as hedonic pricing (HP) and travel cost (TC) methods) and non-use values (contingent valuation (CV) and discrete choice experiment (DCE) methods). It investigates sources of biases, such as embedding effects (the problem of lack of variation of estimates with respect to the scope of the good) and information effects. It explores the role played by emotional attachment of respondents and compares the estimates of values obtained within the hypothetical setting (CV and DCE) with real-world experiments, where actual transaction for non-use values take place. The results from CV and DCE are then tested against a comparable historic high street in another English city. This tests the reliability of results using benefit transfers (inferring the expected values at the comparable site from results obtained from the first site) between the two sites and suggests ways to minimise possible transfer errors.The main outcome of the project is a guidance for researchers and decision-makers on how to effectively and efficiently triangulate valuation methods for complex assets such as historic high streets/historic neighbourhoods and how to minimise potential biases. CAVEAT provides a framework for the development of future studies. The research will impact the UK cultural sector and beyond. The project team involves two key international heritage stakeholders ICCROM and ICOMOS, engaging governments and experts worldwide.The project team encompasses expertise from various disciplines (architecture, urban planning, heritage conservation, cultural economics, environmental economics, heritage advocacy, policy making support) who have worked on these themes before and are committed to an interdisciplinary approach.