Enhancing delivery of minerals using multifunctional carriers

使用多功能载体增强矿物质的输送

• 批准号: BB/G005656/1
• 负责人: Susan Jane Fairweather-Tait
• 金额: $ 4.22万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FG005656%2F1
• 关键词: Enhancing; delivery; minerals; using; multifunctional

The intake of many minerals and vitamins has fallen in recent years, due to reduced energy intake associated with a more sedentary lifestyle. It is also recognised that requirements of these nutrients for optimal health and reduction in the risk of chronic diet-related diseases may be higher than those recommended to avoid deficiency disorders. In industrialised countries such as the UK, iron deficiency is still a relatively common nutritional disorder, especially in individuals with a high requirement due to growth, blood loss or in old age. The absorption of minerals such as iron, calcium, zinc and magnesium is often reduced due to binding with other dietary constituents such as phytates and tannins, or oxidation into insoluble forms which severely reduce uptake. Therefore the absorption and uptake of minerals are strongly dependent on the form they are in. Therefore if is possible to design a system that will protect the mineral during processing, storage and the early stages of digestion (stomach), and then release the mineral into the small intestine, where it is absorbed by the body, we should be able to enhance mineral uptake. The aim of this project is therefore to develop a novel delivery structure for water soluble minerals that is sensitive to changes in pH that are associated with the digestion process. The mineral (in this project we will focus on iron) is housed in small gel micro-beads (approx. 0.1mm diameter). These beads are coated in layers of biopolymers and an impermeable layer of lipid or wax. The biopolymers are commonly used food ingredients such as pectin and proteins, and when assembled in these structures, become sensitive to pH changes. We have shown that they are stable at the acidic pH encountered in the stomach, but can degrade when the pass into the higher pH associated with the small intestine. The impermeable lipid layer will be degraded by enzymes in the duodenum, thus enabling the release of the iron from the micro-bead, and thus be available for absorption. The project has been divided up into tasks that will address the following main objectives. 1. Create and characterise the pH and environmental sensitivity of the biopolymer layers. Using techniques that can measure the mass and composition of these molecular layers, we can determine how the layers respond to changes in pH and select suitable systems. 2. Assemble micro-beads and coat in selected biopolymer layers. Here we will develop methods that will allow us to encapsulate iron loaded microbeads in the impermeable biopolymer layers. 3. Determine stability, encapsulation efficiency and iron release properties. We will measure how much iron escapes from the microbeads during typical processing and storage conditions, and during simulated digestion to ensure they will release the iron under appropriate conditions. We will also use cell culture studies to see if the iron that is released is in a form that can be absorbed by cells lining the small intestine. 4. Determine rates of iron uptake from the coated microbeads. Foods loaded with the micro-beads will be fed to human volunteers and their plasma iron concentrations will be monitored. This will reveal exactly how effective these structures are for enhancing the delivery of iron. If successful the results of this project could be applied to other minerals and water soluble nutrients where fortification is a problem. These approaches could be used in a wide range of foods thus helping to increase the intake of these vital dietary components.

近年来，由于久坐不动的生活方式导致能量摄入减少，许多矿物质和维生素的摄入量都有所下降。人们还认识到，为获得最佳健康和降低慢性饮食相关疾病风险而对这些营养素的需求可能高于为避免缺乏症而推荐的需求。在英国等工业化国家，缺铁仍然是一种相对常见的营养失调症，特别是在由于生长、失血或老年而需要大量铁的人群中。矿物质如铁、钙、锌和镁的吸收通常由于与其他膳食成分如植酸盐和单宁结合而减少，或氧化成严重减少吸收的不溶性形式。因此，矿物质的吸收和摄取强烈依赖于它们的形式。因此，如果有可能设计一种系统，在加工、储存和消化（胃）的早期阶段保护矿物质，然后将矿物质释放到小肠中，在那里被身体吸收，我们应该能够增强矿物质的吸收。因此，该项目的目的是开发一种新型的水溶性矿物质输送结构，该结构对与消化过程相关的pH值变化敏感。矿物质（在这个项目中，我们将重点放在铁）被安置在小凝胶微珠（约。0.1mm直径）。这些珠子被生物聚合物层和不可渗透的脂质或蜡层包裹。生物聚合物是常用的食品成分，如果胶和蛋白质，当组装在这些结构中时，对pH值变化敏感。我们已经表明，它们在胃中遇到的酸性pH下是稳定的，但当进入与小肠相关的较高pH时可以降解。不可渗透的脂质层将被十二指肠中的酶降解，从而使得铁能够从微珠中释放，从而可用于吸收。该项目已被划分为多项任务，这些任务将实现以下主要目标。1.创建并消除生物聚合物层的pH值和环境敏感性。使用可以测量这些分子层的质量和组成的技术，我们可以确定这些层如何响应pH值的变化，并选择合适的系统。2.组装微珠并涂上选定的生物聚合物层。在这里，我们将开发的方法，将使我们能够封装铁负载微珠在不可渗透的生物聚合物层。3.测定稳定性、包封率和铁释放特性。我们将测量在典型的加工和储存条件下以及在模拟消化过程中有多少铁从微珠中逸出，以确保它们在适当的条件下释放铁。我们还将使用细胞培养研究来观察释放的铁是否以可以被小肠内衬细胞吸收的形式存在。4.测定从包被的微珠吸收铁的速率。装有微珠的食物将喂给志愿者，并监测他们的血浆铁浓度。这将确切地揭示这些结构对于增强铁的输送有多有效。如果成功，该项目的结果可以应用于其他矿物质和水溶性营养素，其中强化是一个问题。这些方法可用于广泛的食物，从而有助于增加这些重要膳食成分的摄入量。

项目成果

A high prevalence of zinc- but not iron-deficiency among women in rural Malawi: a cross-sectional study.

马拉维农村妇女缺锌但不缺铁的患病率很高：一项横断面研究。

• DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000158
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition
• 作者: Siyame EW

Dietary iron intakes based on food composition data may underestimate the contribution of potentially exchangeable contaminant iron from soil

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2014.11.016
• 发表时间: 2015-06-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
• 影响因子: 4.3
• 作者: Gibson, Rosalind S.;Wawer, Anna A.;Siyame, Edwin W. P.
• 通讯作者: Siyame, Edwin W. P.

Alginate inhibits iron absorption from ferrous gluconate in a randomized controlled trial and reduces iron uptake into Caco-2 cells.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112144
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Wawer AA;Harvey LJ;Dainty JR;Perez-Moral N;Sharp P;Fairweather-Tait SJ
• 通讯作者: Fairweather-Tait SJ

Iron status in the elderly.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.11.005
• 发表时间: 2014-03
• 期刊: MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Fairweather-Tait, Susan J.;Wawer, Anna A.;Gillings, Rachel;Jennings, Amy;Myint, Phyo K.
• 通讯作者: Myint, Phyo K.