miRBase: microRNA gene nomenclature sequences and targets

microRNA是由microRNA基因表达的微小RNA分子，它调节着动物基因组中三分之一到一半基因的表达。microRNAs在动植物基因组中的广泛存在直到2001年才被发现。随后不久，miRBase数据库建立起来，为microRNA社区提供一系列服务。特别是，在新发现的microRNA发表在科学文献之前，miRBase会保密地为它们命名。这确保了相同的microRNA在每篇描述它的论文中都得到相同的名称，更重要的是，不同的microRNA永远不会被称为相同的名称。协调命名方案的独立管理使该领域得到了巨大的发展。miRBase还存储和分发所有已发表的microRNA序列，以及描述它们的参考文献、它们在基因组中的位置、它们的功能信息和其他相关序列。这些服务已经迅速成为microRNA社区必不可少的一部分。新的microRNA序列的发现仍在继续，近几个月来随着新的测序技术的使用显著增加。该数据库目前包含8500多个条目，在过去两年中增加了4000多个。这一建议为管理和推动下一阶段的microRNA生物学发现提供了资源。特别是，我们将开发新的接口，允许microRNA生物学家向数据库提供有关任何microRNA的信息。我们将扩大数据库中的microRNA序列集，以包括目前不符合严格纳入标准的候选序列和预测序列，并提供有关其可靠性的具体信息。我们将开发一个系统，为新的microrna半自动命名。除了在所有基因组中发现所有microRNA的驱动力外，该社区还专注于建立每个microRNA的靶标。相对较少的microrna通过实验验证了靶标，但有几个研究小组通过网络提供了预测的靶标。我们将开发一项服务，将这些预测与已知的目标基因结合起来。我们还将制作一个接口，允许研究人员将实验确定的目标基因提交到数据库中。miRBase中的所有数据都可以在网络上获得，并可以通过FTP下载。该网站每周的浏览量在10万到30万之间，描述miRBase的论文被650多篇科学出版物引用。

MicroRNAs are tiny RNA molecules, expressed from microRNA genes, that regulate the expression of a third to a half of all genes in an animal's genome. The widespread occurrence of microRNAs in animal and plant genomes was only discovered in 2001. The miRBase database was established soon afterwards to provide a range of services to the microRNA community. In particular, miRBase confidentially assigns names to novel microRNA discoveries before they are published in the scientific literature. This assures that the same microRNA receives the same name in each paper that describes it, and more importantly, that different microRNAs are never referred to by the same name. The independent management of a coordinated naming scheme has allowed the enormous growth of the field. miRBase also stores and distributes all published microRNA sequences, together with the references that describe them, their locations in the genome, information about their function, and other related sequences. These services have quickly become entirely essential to the microRNA community. The discovery of novel microRNA sequences has continued at pace, increasing significantly in recent months with the use of new sequencing technologies. The database currently contains over 8500 entries, an increase of over 4000 in the past 2 years. This proposal provides the resources to manage and drive the next phase of microRNA biological discovery. In particular, we will develop new interfaces that allow the microRNA biologist to contribute information about any microRNA to the database. We will expand the set of microRNA sequences in the database to include candidates and predictions that currently do not meet the strict criteria for inclusion, and provide specific information about their reliability. We will develop a system that assigns names to new microRNAs semi-automatically. Alongside the drive to discover all microRNAs in all genomes, the community is focused on establishing the targets of every microRNA. Relatively few microRNAs have experimentally validated targets, but several groups provide predicted targets via the web. We will develop a service that aggregates these predictions, together with the known target genes. We will also produce an interface that allows researchers to submit experimentally determined target genes to the database. All data in miRBase are available on the web, and for download by FTP. The website receives between 100000 and 300000 page views each week, and the papers that describe miRBase have been cited in over 650 scientific publications.