ALCOHOL TASTE IN A PRIMATE MODEL

灵长类动物模型中的酒精味

• 批准号: 3113476
• 负责人: GORAN B HELLEKANT
• 金额: $ 10.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-08-01 至 1995-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3113476
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; action potentials; alcoholic beverage consumption; amiloride; breath tests; chorda tympani; cranial nerves; electrophysiology; ethanol; glycoproteins; neural conduction; oscillography; pharmacokinetics; sensory mechanism; sweetening agents; taste; taste buds; taste threshold; trigeminal nerve; triterpenes

The consumption of alcohol is influenced by its taste, as shown by an extensive literature. Taste cues have been used in classical conditioning to induce aversion and diminish preference for alcohol. However, much remains to be learned about the taste of alcohol in humans. For example, only one recording has been published on how alcohol affects the human taste buds. The recording showed that alcohol elicits an initial rapid impulse activity in the chorda tympani nerve, which is followed by a second, slowly increasing nerve activity at higher alcohol concentrations. The recording revealed that pure alcohol elicits a taste sensation, but left many other of its effects on the sense of taste to be uncovered. Studies of the nerve response to alcohol show that rats, mice, cats, and dogs lack the initial rapid impulse activity that is observed in humans. The response to other taste compounds show that there are major species differences in the sense of taste. However, the sense of taste in rhesus monkeys and humans seems to be quite similar. A human type alcohol response is also recorded in the rhesus monkey. This proposal suggests recordings from the chorda tympani (CT), glossopharyngeal (NG) and lingual (NL) nerves in the rhesus monkey to study the taste of alcohol in humans. The following problems will be addressed: (a) What kind of response does alcohol elicit in the two taste nerves, CT and NG, (b) what taste qualities are elicited by alcohol, (c) what are the taste effects of the alcohol in alcoholic beverages, (d) is the function of the taste buds affected by blood alcohol, (e) does the consummatory pattern of alcohol intake affect the taste response to alcohol, (f) what are the effects of alcohol on the non-gustatory NL nerve, (g) is its response affected by blood alcohol? The results should have an impact on (1) treatment methods depending on the taste of alcohol (Aversion and preference for alcohol, Alcohol substitutes), (2) how the taste of alcohol is affected by blood alcohol levels and drinking rates (Alcohol tolerance), and (3) the taste of alcohol and the taste of alcohol in alcoholic beverages (Alcohol substitutes, Alcoholic beverages).

酒精的消费受其味道的影响，如 广泛的文学。 口味提示已用于经典条件 引起厌恶和减少对酒精的偏爱。 但是，很多 关于人类酒精的味道还有待了解。 例如， 关于酒精如何影响人类的录音 味蕾。 录音表明酒精会引起初始快速 Chorda Tympani神经中的脉冲活性，其次是 其次，在较高的酒精浓度下缓慢增加神经活性。 录音表明，纯酒精会引起味觉感觉，但 留下了许多其他影响的影响。 对酒精的神经反应的研究表明，大鼠，小鼠，猫和 狗缺乏人类观察到的最初的快速冲动活动。 对其他味道化合物的反应表明，有主要物种 品味意义上的差异。 但是，恒河所的品味感 猴子和人类似乎非常相似。 人类酒精 恒河猴还记录了反应。 该提议建议 Chorda Tympani（CT），舌咽（NG）和舌的录音 （NL）恒河猴中的神经研究人类酒精的味道。 将解决以下问题：（a）有什么样的回应 酒精引起了两种口味神经，CT和NG，（b）什么味道品质 是由酒精引起的，（c）酒精的味道影响是什么 酒精饮料，（d）是受味蕾影响的功能 血液酒精，（e）酒精摄入的完整模式会影响 对酒精的味道反应，（f）酒精对 非气神经，（g）它的反应受血液酒精的影响？ 结果应对（1）治疗方法产生影响 酒精的味道（厌恶和偏爱酒精，酒精 替代品），（2）酒精的味道如何受到血液酒精的影响 水平和饮酒率（酒精容忍度），以及（3）酒精的味道 以及酒精饮料中酒精的味道（酒精替代品， 酒精饮料）。