Integrated strategy to prevent mycotoxin risks (Inspyr)

预防霉菌毒素风险的综合策略（Inspyr）

• 批准号: BB/H004580/1
• 负责人: Paul Nicholson
• 金额: $ 19.05万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH004580%2F1
• 关键词: Integrated; strategy; prevent; mycotoxin; risks

Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals is caused by a number of fungi, chiefly Fusarium species. It is of particular concern because the Fusarium species produce trichothecene mycotoxins (DON, NIV, T2 and HT-2) within grain that are harmful to human and animal consumers. FHB disease poses an increasing threat to the UK wheat and barley crops. New species have appeared and spread in the UK for which climate change may, in part, be responsible. Future predicted climate changes are likely to exacerbate risks of epidemics in the UK. The EU recently set limits for DON and limits for T2/HT-2 are imminent. It is vital that the UK is positioned to be able to comply with this legislation. It is widely recognised that resistant varieties offer the best option to control FHB. All wheat and barley breeders consider it as a major but difficult target for resistance breeding. Incorporation of high levels of resistance to FHB into wheat and barley will be critical to prevent DON, T2, HT-2 and NIV mycotoxin contamination of grain from becoming a major problem for all elements of the UK food and feed chains. Timely application with appropriate fungicides can restrict disease development and mycotoxin accumulation. Under moderate to high disease pressure, however, fungicide application often fails to reduce DON contamination to below EU legislative limits in susceptible varieties such as those currently grown in the UK. Our previous work showed that much of the susceptibility of UK varieties is due to linkage between a gene that affects the height of wheat, Rht2 (also referred to as Rht-D1b) which is in almost all UK varieties, with a gene nearby on the chromosome that increases susceptibility to FHB. This association must be broken to enable breeders to produce FHB resistant varieties with acceptable agronomic characters. The project will produce molecular markers to the region about Rht2 allowing plant breeders to maintain this agronomically important gene in their breeding programmes while selecting against the linked FHB susceptibility factor. This project aims to identify resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and barley that will function against all the causal fungi associated with this disease. This project will focus on the identification of Type 1 resistance (resistance to initial infection) in wheat and barley. We have developed new tools to characterise so-called 'Type 1' resistance (resistance to initial infection), which is important for preventing infection of wheat and barley against Fusarium species that produce DON mycotoxin and those that produce the more toxic T2 and HT-2 toxins as well as against non toxin producing FHB pathogens such as Microdochium species. Plant breeding companies can immediately use the plant materials, genetic knowledge and molecular markers linked to FHB resistance within their breeding programmes to produce new resistant varieties with good characters for growing as crops in the UK. This project will determine how fungicide application influences disease and toxin accumulation in varieties with different levels of FHB resistance. The project will demonstrate how individual FHB resistances affect the RL disease score, revealing how many, and what forms of resistance are required to ensure that toxin levels in UK grain do not exceed EU limits. The project will identify the components required to establish a sustainable, integrated approach to ensure that toxin levels in cereal grain remain below EU limits. An integrated approach, based on varieties with significantly enhanced resistance and appropriate fungicide application offers the best means to achieve sustainable control of FHB and minimise the risk of mycotoxins entering the food and feed chains.

禾谷类赤霉病（Fusarium Head Blight，FHB）是由多种真菌引起的，主要是镰刀菌属（Fusarium species）。这是特别令人关注的，因为镰刀菌属物种在谷物中产生对人类和动物消费者有害的多孢霉素真菌毒素（DON、NIV、T2和HT-2）。FHB疾病对英国小麦和大麦作物构成越来越大的威胁。新物种在英国出现和传播，气候变化可能是部分原因。未来预测的气候变化可能会加剧英国流行病的风险。欧盟最近对DON设定了限制，T2/HT-2的限制也迫在眉睫。至关重要的是，联合王国能够遵守这项立法。人们普遍认为，抗性品种是控制FHB的最佳选择。所有小麦和大麦育种家都认为它是抗性育种的主要但困难的目标。在小麦和大麦中引入高水平的抗FHB能力对于防止DON、T2、HT-2和NIV霉菌毒素污染谷物成为英国食品和饲料链所有要素的主要问题至关重要。及时使用适当的杀菌剂可以限制疾病的发展和真菌毒素的积累。然而，在中度到高度的疾病压力下，杀真菌剂的应用往往不能将DON污染降低到欧盟立法限制以下，例如目前在英国种植的那些易感品种。我们以前的工作表明，英国品种的大部分易感性是由于影响小麦高度的基因Rht 2（也称为Rht-D1 b）之间的连锁，Rht 2几乎存在于所有英国品种中，染色体上附近的基因增加了对FHB的易感性。必须打破这种关联，使育种家能够生产具有可接受的农艺性状的FHB抗性品种。该项目将产生Rht 2区域的分子标记，使植物育种者能够在其育种计划中保留这一农艺学上重要的基因，同时针对相关的FHB易感因子进行选择。该项目旨在鉴定小麦和大麦对赤霉病（FHB）的抗性，这些抗性将对与这种疾病相关的所有致病真菌起作用。该项目将侧重于鉴定小麦和大麦中的1型抗性（对初始感染的抗性）。我们已经开发了新的工具来消除所谓的“1型”抗性（对初始感染的抗性），这对于防止小麦和大麦感染产生DON真菌毒素的镰刀菌属物种和产生毒性更大的T2和HT-2毒素的镰刀菌属物种以及不产生毒素的FHB病原体如Microdochium物种是重要的。植物育种公司可以立即在其育种计划中使用与FHB抗性相关的植物材料，遗传知识和分子标记，以生产具有良好特性的新抗性品种，用于在英国种植作物。本项目将确定杀菌剂的应用如何影响不同水平的赤霉病抗性品种的病害和毒素积累。该项目将展示单个FHB抗性如何影响RL疾病评分，揭示需要多少抗性以及何种形式的抗性才能确保英国谷物中的毒素水平不超过欧盟限制。该项目将确定建立可持续的综合办法所需的组成部分，以确保谷物中的毒素水平低于欧盟的限制。基于抗性显著增强的品种和适当的杀菌剂应用的综合方法提供了实现可持续控制FHB的最佳方法，并最大限度地降低真菌毒素进入食品和饲料链的风险。

项目成果

Development of three fusarium crown rot causal agents and systemic translocation of deoxynivalenol following stem base infection of soft wheat

• DOI: 10.1111/ppa.12821
• 发表时间: 2018-06-01
• 期刊: PLANT PATHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Beccari, G.;Prodi, A.;Covarelli, L.
• 通讯作者: Covarelli, L.

Mapping a Type 1 FHB resistance on chromosome 4AS of Triticum macha and deployment in combination with two Type 2 resistances.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2542-9
• 发表时间: 2015-09
• 期刊: TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik
• 作者: Burt C;Steed A;Gosman N;Lemmens M;Bird N;Ramirez-Gonzalez R;Holdgate S;Nicholson P
• 通讯作者: Nicholson P

Evaluation of type I fusarium head blight resistance of wheat using non-deoxynivalenol-producing fungi

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2009.02202.x
• 发表时间: 2010-02-01
• 期刊: PLANT PATHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Gosman, N.;Srinivasachary;Nicholson, P.
• 通讯作者: Nicholson, P.

Determining the antifungal activity of

测定抗真菌活性

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: PHYTOPATHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Jimenez-Quiros C.

Tissue-specific transcriptome responses to Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025161
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6