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Identification investigation and implementation of plant-based parasite control strategies

基于植物的寄生虫控制策略的鉴定调查和实施

基本信息

批准号：
BB/H009299/1
负责人：
Jos Houdijk
金额：
$ 101.92万
依托单位：
Scotland's Rural College
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH009299%2F1
关键词：
Identification investigation implementation plant based

项目摘要

Poor farmers in developing countries world-wide very often cannot afford chemical drugs to treat their animals against internal and external parasites. In Ethiopia, this is resulting in high mortality, reduced productivity and economic losses as high as 50% of the value of their sheep and goats. For many generations, small-holder farmers and pastoralists in Ethiopia have used medicinal plants to try to cure their animals. However, from the large economic losses it is clear that this is not very effective. Although many poor people use plants to try to cure their animals, we do not know if they work, how they work and if there are side effects that need to be considered. If we know more about these possible positive and negative effects, then we may be able to increase the effectiveness of using plants to control animal disease. This project brings together traditional healers and researchers to promote a better use of plants to cure animal disease through systematically obtaining scientific evidence on the effectiveness of Ethiopian plants. Because such information will also help farmers in developed countries such as the UK, we will also study the effectiveness of extracts from chicory, which is a medicinal plant that grows in the UK. We hope that by bringing together many researchers with different research skills, we will achieve best possible use of plants for parasite control. We will make sure the knowledge of traditional animal health care practitioners does not get lost, and if we find good results from Ethiopian plants that this benefits Ethiopian agriculture. The optimum outcome would be that countries like Ethiopia use their own natural resources to control animal parasites as much as possible. We will tackle this research in five related steps, each step will result in new information that the next step will use. We start with an inventory of plants that farmers use in Ethiopia to try to control parasites. This will be followed by making extracts from a selection of these plants, as well as from chicory, proven to reduce parasite problems in sheep. These extracts will be tested to see if they can kill parasites by mixing them with worm eggs, worm larvae and adult worms. We will also spray them lice, ticks and mites and observe effects on controlling these parasites. We expect that several of these extracts will show negative effects on these parasites. Ideally, we would like to test all these extracts directly in sheep on farms. However, that would be much work, be costly and take too long. Therefore we will first test some of the best potential extracts on mice, which we will deliberately infect with parasitic worms. In this way, we will use mice to screen out those extracts that work best when given in a real life situation. The best ones will be used in sheep. These sheep will be infected with either parasitic worms or with mites. We will also give the extracts to non-infected sheep to estimate if there are side effects we need to consider at the next stage when the extracts will be used on farms. The best extracts from the sheep experiments will be trialled on farms, in Ethiopia and the UK. Extracts tested on farm will be those that are most likely to be effective at helping cure the animals of parasites. We would like to think that our project can be of use to any country that has native plants that show promise for possible animal disease control. We will therefore inform as many people as possible how we approached our research, what we have found and how the results can be used to improve animal health.

全世界发展中国家的贫穷农民往往负担不起化学药物来治疗他们的动物体内和体外寄生虫。在埃塞俄比亚，这导致了高死亡率，生产力下降和经济损失高达其绵羊和山羊价值的50%。几代人以来，埃塞俄比亚的小农和牧民一直使用药用植物来治疗他们的动物。然而，从巨大的经济损失来看，这显然不是很有效。虽然许多穷人用植物来治疗他们的动物，但我们不知道它们是否有效，它们是如何工作的，以及是否有需要考虑的副作用。如果我们对这些可能的积极和消极影响有更多的了解，那么我们也许能够提高利用植物控制动物疾病的有效性。该项目汇集了传统治疗师和研究人员，通过系统地获取关于埃塞俄比亚植物有效性的科学证据，促进更好地利用植物治疗动物疾病。因为这些信息也将帮助英国等发达国家的农民，我们还将研究菊苣提取物的有效性，菊苣是一种生长在英国的药用植物。我们希望，通过汇集许多具有不同研究技能的研究人员，我们将实现植物控制寄生虫的最佳利用。我们将确保传统动物保健从业人员的知识不会丢失，如果我们从埃塞俄比亚植物中发现良好的结果，这将有利于埃塞俄比亚农业。最理想的结果是像埃塞俄比亚这样的国家利用自己的自然资源尽可能地控制动物寄生虫。我们将分五个相关步骤来处理这项研究，每一步都将产生下一步将使用的新信息。我们从埃塞俄比亚农民用来控制寄生虫的植物清单开始。随后将从这些植物中选择提取物，以及菊苣，证明可以减少绵羊的寄生虫问题。这些提取物将被测试，看看它们是否可以杀死寄生虫混合它们与蠕虫卵，蠕虫幼虫和成虫。我们也会喷洒虱子、蜱虫和螨虫，观察控制这些寄生虫的效果。我们预计这些提取物中的一些将对这些寄生虫产生负面影响。理想情况下，我们希望直接在农场的绵羊身上测试所有这些提取物。然而，这将是大量的工作，成本高昂，需要太长时间。因此，我们将首先在小鼠身上测试一些最好的潜在提取物，我们将故意感染寄生蠕虫。通过这种方式，我们将使用小鼠筛选出那些在真实的生活环境中效果最好的提取物。最好的将用于羊。这些羊会感染寄生蠕虫或螨虫。我们还将把提取物给未受感染的绵羊，以估计在下一阶段将提取物用于农场时，我们是否需要考虑副作用。绵羊实验中最好的提取物将在埃塞俄比亚和英国的农场进行试验。在农场测试的提取物将是那些最有可能有效帮助治愈动物寄生虫的提取物。我们希望我们的项目可以对任何拥有本土植物的国家有所帮助，这些植物显示出可能控制动物疾病的希望。因此，我们将告知尽可能多的人我们是如何进行研究的，我们发现了什么，以及如何将结果用于改善动物健康。