Impacts of tropical land use conversion to jatropha and oil palm on rural livelihoods and ecosystem services in India and Mexico

热带土地用途转变为麻风树和油棕对印度和墨西哥农村生计和生态系统服务的影响

• 批准号: BB/H009655/1
• 负责人: Sean Murphy
• 金额: $ 25.32万
• 依托单位: CAB International
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH009655%2F1
• 关键词: Impacts; tropical; land; use; conversion

Bioenergy crops have gained international prominence as fossil fuel prices increase and concerns about climate change grow. Increasing demand for bioenergy crops on international markets might lead to conflict with smallholder food production in the tropics and/or act as a driver of deforestation if large scale forest land conversions are initiated. Alternatively, smallholders might not jeopardise their own food security, and would grow bioenergy crops alongside food crops, incorporating their production into their current land use systems, increasing cash flow and thus permitting them to purchase inputs to intensify food production. The profitability, energy balance, social and ecological impacts will depend on the bioenergy crop used, how it is grown, with which inputs, on what type of land, what, if any, are the alternative uses of that land, and who reaps the benefit. So whether biofuel production is a threat or an opportunity will depend on the specific context. Jatropha curcas is a shrub, native to central America but is cultivated across the tropics. It is being promoted as a bioenergy crop as its seeds contain 20-30% oil, which can be easily extracted and converted to biodiesel. In Mexico, jatropha is traditionally used as a hedge. Large scale plantings were initiated in early 2006. By 2008, 20,000 ha were planted in Chiapas state and it is expected that 150,000 ha will be planted Veracruz state in the next two years. In India, large-scale land conversions to jatropha have been initiated, for example, more than 400,000 hectares of land in Uttar Pradesh state and the Indian government has proposed that biofuels account for 20% of its transportation fuel consumption by 2017, from the present 5%. Yet, despite these ambitious projects, little is known about its yield, pest and disease problems and environmental impact and so in which context it would be advisable to grow jatropha, rather than another bioenergy crop, such as Elaeis guineensis (oil palm). To some extent, ecological ranges of jatropha and oil palm overlap. In India, state governments of Orissa and Tamil Nadu are encouraging farmers to plant oil palm, given that India consumes an estimated 4.2 megatonnes per year. Similarly in Mexico, there are some large scale oil palm initiatives. This project aims to assess profitability, economic, social and environmental impacts of the production of two bioenergy crops, jatropha and oil palm. With data obtained it aims to identify the most suitable areas and conditions for sustainable and profitable yields and the extent of economic, social and environmental production risks. It aims to identify current shortfalls in land tenure systems or law and develop legislation to ensure social sustainability and equity of bioenergy projects.

随着化石燃料价格上涨和对气候变化的担忧加剧，生物能源作物在国际上获得了突出地位。国际市场上对生物能源作物的需求日益增加，可能导致与热带地区小农粮食生产的冲突，并且/或者如果开始大规模的林地转换，则可能成为毁林的驱动因素。另一种办法是，小农户可能不会危及自己的粮食安全，并将在种植粮食作物的同时种植生物能源作物，将其生产纳入目前的土地使用系统，增加现金流，从而使他们能够购买投入，加强粮食生产。盈利能力、能源平衡、社会和生态影响将取决于所使用的生物能源作物、如何种植、使用何种投入、在何种类型的土地上种植、该土地的替代用途是什么（如果有的话）以及谁从中受益。因此，生物燃料生产是威胁还是机遇将取决于具体情况。麻风树是一种灌木，原产于中美洲，但在整个热带地区都有种植。它被推广为生物能源作物，因为它的种子含有20-30%的油，可以很容易地提取和转化为生物柴油。在墨西哥，麻风树传统上被用作树篱。2006年初开始大规模种植。到2008年，恰帕斯州种植了20 000公顷，预计韦拉克鲁斯州将在未来两年内种植150 000公顷。在印度，已经开始大规模的土地转用麻风树，例如，在北方邦有超过40万公顷的土地，印度政府提出，到2017年，生物燃料占其运输燃料消耗的比例从目前的5%提高到20%。然而，尽管有这些雄心勃勃的项目，人们对其产量、病虫害问题和环境影响知之甚少，因此在这种情况下，种植麻风树是明智的，而不是另一种生物能源作物，如油棕。在某种程度上，麻风树和油棕的生态范围重叠。在印度，奥里萨邦和泰米尔纳德邦政府正在鼓励农民种植油棕榈，因为印度每年消耗约420万吨油棕榈。同样，在墨西哥，也有一些大规模的油棕计划。该项目旨在评估麻风树和油棕这两种生物能源作物生产的盈利能力、经济、社会和环境影响。通过获得的数据，它旨在确定最适合可持续和有利可图的产量的地区和条件以及经济，社会和环境生产风险的程度。其目的是查明土地保有制度或法律目前的不足之处，并制定立法，以确保生物能源项目的社会可持续性和公平性。

项目成果

Jatropha facts 1 Jatropha growth and oilseed production in Africa

麻风树事实 1 非洲麻风树的生长和油籽生产

• 作者: Jongschaap R E E

Population Dynamics of Aphthona whitfieldi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Pest of Jatropha curcas, and Environmental Factors Favoring Its Abundance in Burkina Faso.

• DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev084
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Journal of insect science (Online)
• 作者: Sawadogo A;Nagalo E;Nacro S;Rouamba M;Kenis M
• 通讯作者: Kenis M

Invasiveness risk of the tropical biofuel crop J atropha curcas L. into adjacent land use systems: from the rumors to the experimental facts

热带生物燃料作物麻疯树入侵邻近土地利用系统的风险：从谣言到实验事实

• DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12011
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: GCB Bioenergy
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Negussie A

Insufficient Evidence of Jatropha curcas L. Invasiveness: Experimental Observations in Burkina Faso, West Africa

• DOI: 10.1007/s12155-014-9544-3
• 发表时间: 2015-06-01
• 期刊: BIOENERGY RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Negussie，Aklilu;Nacro，Souleymane;Muys，Bart
• 通讯作者: Muys，Bart

Invasiveness risk of biofuel crops using Jatropha curcas L. as a model species

以麻疯树为模式物种的生物燃料作物的入侵风险

• DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1416
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining
• 作者: Negussie A