Reverse-engineering Drosophila's retinal networks

对果蝇视网膜网络进行逆向工程

• 批准号: BB/H013849/1
• 负责人: Daniel Coca
• 金额: $ 68.37万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH013849%2F1
• 关键词: Reverse; engineering; Drosophila; retinal; networks

Vision is the most important sense of many living organisms. Even in the dimmest habitats animals have functional eyes, which allow them to extract useful optical information from the environment and to respond rapidly and appropriately to changing events and conditions. The anatomical structure, molecular signalling cascades and ultimately the performance of an organism's visual system, measured in terms of speed, sensitivity, dynamic range and robustness, has been tuned to suit its lifestyle by the content of the photic stimuli as well as other environmental factors. Vision of invertebrate species was the subject of extensive research which led to the discovery of important fundamental principles that apply to all senses. Drosophila visual system is an ideal model to investigate the mechanisms underlying early neural processing with a wealth of detailed knowledge from tens of years of genetic, anatomical, physiological and behavioural studies. The ultrastructure of the first visual synaptic layer in Drosophila has been fully described from electron-micrograph sections. A vast array of molecular genetic methods combined with biochemical analysis and intracellular recording techniques have converged on Drosophila's visual system providing unprecedented experimental tractability. These methodologies have made possible the identification of elements of its signalling cascades and offered unique insight into the associated regulatory mechanisms. The signal-processing capability of fly photoreceptors is prodigious, outperforming human engineered image sensors in many respects. They are exquisitely sensitive, being able to respond to single photon events. Weak input signals embedded in noise can be selectively amplified and filtered to provide efficient and reliable sensing of physiologically relevant stimuli. A fascinating functional attribute of photoreceptors, that is yet to be replicated in an engineering sensing device, is their ability to light adapt, i.e. adjust the amplification gain, according to both past and on-going light events, using many layers of positive- and negative-feedback control. This allows them to operate over a wide environmental range. They can reliably respond to the absorption of single photons under dark-adapted conditions, but can also adjust the gain to operate in bright daylight conditions. This project aims to develop, using mathematical tools and techniques borrowed from control and systems engineering, a detailed mathematical model the early vision system that will allow us to understand the role of different molecular components that are instrumental in converting light into electrical signals and the adaptation rules that fly photoreceptors must obey in order to operate reliably in dark as well as in full shinshine.

视觉是许多生物体最重要的感官。即使在最昏暗的栖息地，动物也有功能性的眼睛，这使它们能够从环境中提取有用的光学信息，并对不断变化的事件和条件做出快速而适当的反应。生物体视觉系统的解剖结构、分子信号级联以及最终的性能（以速度、灵敏度、动态范围和鲁棒性来衡量）已经通过光刺激的内容以及其他环境因素来调整以适应其生活方式。无脊椎动物物种的视觉是广泛研究的主题，导致发现适用于所有感官的重要基本原则。果蝇的视觉系统是研究早期神经加工机制的理想模型，几十年的遗传学、解剖学、生理学和行为学研究积累了丰富的详细知识。果蝇第一视突触层的超微结构已在电子显微镜下得到充分描述。大量的分子遗传学方法，结合生化分析和细胞内记录技术，已经聚集在果蝇的视觉系统提供了前所未有的实验易处理性。这些方法使得有可能识别其信号级联的元素，并提供了独特的见解相关的监管机制。苍蝇感光器的信号处理能力是惊人的，在许多方面优于人类工程图像传感器。它们非常敏感，能够对单光子事件做出反应。嵌入在噪声中的弱输入信号可以被选择性地放大和滤波，以提供对生理相关刺激的有效和可靠的感测。光感受器的一个迷人的功能属性，尚未在工程传感设备中复制，是它们的光适应能力，即根据过去和正在进行的光事件，使用多层正反馈和负反馈控制来调节放大增益。这使它们能够在广泛的环境范围内运行。它们可以在黑暗适应条件下可靠地响应单个光子的吸收，但也可以调整增益以在明亮的日光条件下工作。该项目的目的是开发，使用数学工具和技术借用控制和系统工程，一个详细的数学模型的早期视觉系统，这将使我们能够了解不同的分子组件的作用，有助于将光转换为电信号和适应规则，苍蝇感光器必须遵守，以便在黑暗中可靠地运行，以及在充分的shinshine。

项目成果

Implementation of linear filters in the spike domain

尖峰域中线性滤波器的实现

• DOI: 10.1109/ecc.2015.7330881
• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Florescu D

Structural Characterisation of Non-Deamidated Acidic Variants of Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginase Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry

• DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1722-2
• 发表时间: 2015-11-01
• 期刊: PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Gervais, David;King, Darryl;Smith, Stuart
• 通讯作者: Smith, Stuart

Fly Photoreceptors Encode Phase Congruency.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157993
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Friederich U;Billings SA;Hardie RC;Juusola M;Coca D
• 通讯作者: Coca D

Evidence for Dynamic Network Regulation of Drosophila Photoreceptor Function from Mutants Lacking the Neurotransmitter Histamine.

• DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00019
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Frontiers in neural circuits
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Dau A;Friederich U;Dongre S;Li X;Bollepalli MK;Hardie RC;Juusola M
• 通讯作者: Juusola M

A Novel Reconstruction Framework for Time-Encoded Signals with Integrate-and-Fire Neurons.

具有集成和激发神经元的时间编码信号的新颖重建框架。

• DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_00764
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Neural computation
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Florescu D