NEURAL CORRELATES OF AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN MEMORY

年龄相关记忆差异的神经关联

• 批准号: 3123205
• 负责人: NAFTALI RAZ
• 金额: $ 20.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-30 至 1997-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3123205
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; aging; atrophy; basal ganglia; brain mapping; cerebellum; cognition; computer assisted diagnosis; diencephalon; hippocampus; human old age (65+); human subject; intelligence tests; magnetic resonance imaging; mathematical model; memory; memory disorders; neocortex; neural degeneration; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; visual perception

Memory complaints are abundant even in healthy elderly, and a clear-cut distinction between pathological declines and normative changes is not easily drawn. Cumulative evidence from research on amnesia suggests that specific areas of the brain may be critically important for acquisition, maintenance and retrieval of memories. In spite of considerable gains of the last decades, our understanding of the relationship between brain aging and the associated declines in memory is still lacking. Aging does not affect all memory functions uniformly. Declarative memory is impaired both in healthy elderly and in amnesiacs, priming is relatively spared in both groups, whereas skill and source memory are spared in amnesia, but impaired in aging. The question is, whether this pattern of selective age-related memory deficits reflects a distinct pattern of brain deterioration. The main objective of the proposed project is to provide a better understanding of the neuroanatomical substrates of the memory functions declining with age. In a series of studies, healthy adults aged 18-88 will undergo tests of amnestic and cognitive functions. The size of specific brain structures will be estimated from magnetic resonance imaging scans using computer-assisted morphometry. The relations between tissue volume in the brain regions of interest (ROIs) and memory functions will be examined using linear models. The following questions will be addressed in three studies. 1. Is age-related atrophy of the hippocampal formation and diencephalic structures predictive of declines in declarative memory? 2. Is intact neocortex necessary for normal repetition priming? 3. Are age-related differences in source memory linked to age-dependent prefrontal cortical atrophy through the decline in working memory? 4. Are the deficits in procedural (skill) memory, frequently observed in older adults, related to age-dependent atrophy of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum?

即使是健康的老年人，记忆力的抱怨也很丰富，而且很明显 病理性下降和正常变化之间的区别并不 很容易画。 对健忘症的研究积累的证据表明， 大脑的特定区域对于获取可能是至关重要的， 记忆的维持和恢复。 尽管取得了相当大的进展， 在过去的几十年里，我们对大脑和大脑之间关系的理解 衰老和相关的记忆力下降仍然缺乏。 老化并 并不影响所有的记忆功能。 陈述性记忆是 在健康老年人和健忘症患者中，启动都受到了损害， 在两组中都是如此，而技能和源记忆在 健忘症，但随着年龄的增长而受损。 问题是，这种模式 与年龄相关的记忆缺陷反映了一种独特的模式， 大脑退化 拟议项目的主要目标是 提供了一个更好的理解的神经解剖基板的 记忆功能随着年龄的增长而衰退。 在一系列研究中， 十八至八十八岁的成年人将接受健忘和认知功能测试。 特定大脑结构的大小将通过磁共振成像来估计。 使用计算机辅助形态测量的共振成像扫描。 的 感兴趣的脑区域（ROI）中的组织体积之间的关系 和记忆功能将使用线性模型进行检查。 以下 将在三项研究中探讨这些问题。 1. 是与年龄有关的萎缩 海马结构和间脑结构预测 陈述性记忆下降 2. 完整的新皮层是否是 正常的重复启动 3. 年龄相关的差异来源于 与年龄依赖性前额叶皮质萎缩有关的记忆， 工作记忆力下降？ 4. 是否存在程序（技能）缺陷 记忆，经常在老年人中观察到，与年龄相关 基底神经节和小脑萎缩