MRes Integrative Biology

为期一年的综合生物学研究硕士课程是开始需要活体技能的研究生涯的一条创新途径。参加MRE考试的学生有机会体验曼彻斯特大学(UOM)和利物浦大学(UOL)范围广泛的学科和实验室环境中的研究项目。这两所大学的课程略有不同，尽管都包括基于实验室的研究项目、内政部执照、一个辅导模块、研究研讨会、个人和可转让技能培训。目前，英国的活体科学培训非常有限--至少部分原因是，能够提供活体生理学和药理学培训的大学院系数量有限。这一点得到了包括BBSRC、其他研究委员会、HEFCE、制药业和专业协会在内的广泛机构的认可。至关重要的是，通过发展新的学术倡议来扭转具有活体技能的科学家的短缺，这些新的学术倡议符合BBSRC、NHS、工业和政府的未来战略。UOM和UOL通过建立哺乳动物综合生物学中心(CIMB)解决了这个问题。CIMB是在IMB的能力建设大奖(BBSRC/MRC/ABPI/BPS/HEFCE/SFC)之后成立的，这是英国的四个奖项之一。CIMB与MRC药物安全科学中心(CDSS)密切合作，CDSS是两所大学的另一项倡议。CDSS的目的是提高将基础研究转化为新的、安全和有效的治疗药物的速度和效率。我们的MRE是CIMB教育计划不可或缺的一部分，该计划包括本科生和研究生研究学位、面向学校和公众的外联以及持续专业发展。MRE的目的是培养具有必要知识和体内技能的科学家，以开展尖端的基础和转化性医学研究。我们的学生获得了细胞和系统生理学的全面理论基础，活体研究可用的技术的实用知识，以及计划和执行研究项目的经验。因此，我们的毕业生能够从基本原则出发规划一项研究，并从经验中产生信心，进入学术界或工业界的独立研究。我们课程的基本特点是1)卓越的实验设计，2)开发和最佳处理与人类直接相关的动物模型，3)培训和应用非常广泛的分析技术。MRE也是CIMB和CDSS研究能力的一个组成部分。目前有86名首席调查员是一个中心或两个中心的成员。每个首席研究人员都是工作人员中的研究活跃人员，他们在工作中在某种程度上使用了活体科学。我们正在通过积极鼓励这些科学家与由于缺乏必要技能或执照而目前不能使用综合办法的其他人之间的合作，进一步提高能力。例如，CIMB目前共有33名博士生，他们严重依赖体内科学(这不包括简单地使用转基因模型或收集组织进行体外分析)。所有这些博士都参与了共同指导，通常是跨院系的。作为竞争性审查过程的一部分，潜在的主管将提供一个或多个MRE项目的大纲，否则他们的博士生申请将不被考虑。因此，我们可以保证为我们的MREs学生提供各种创新的、尖端的项目(参见案例中的支持示例)。事实上，我们的许多MRE毕业生继续攻读博士学位，作为“1+3”或独立学位的一部分。

The one-year Masters of Research in Integrative Biology is an innovative route to starting out a research career that requires in vivo skills. Students taking the MRes are provided with a unique opportunity to experience research projects over a broad range of disciplines and laboratory environments within The Universities of Manchester (UoM) and Liverpool (UoL). The two Universities run slightly different programmes, though both are comprised of laboratory-based research projects, Home Office licencing, a tutorial module, research seminars, training in personal and transferable skills. At present, training for in vivo science in the UK is very limited - due, at least in part, to the limited number of University Departments able to provide training in in vivo physiology and pharmacology. This has been recognised by a wide range of bodies including the BBSRC, other Research Councils, HEFCE, the pharmaceutical industry and professional societies. It is essential that the shortage of scientists with in vivo skills is reversed by the development of new academic initiatives, which fit with the future strategies of the BBSRC, the NHS, Industry and Government. UoM and UoL have addressed the problem by establishing the Centre for Integrative Mammalian Biology (cIMB). The cIMB was set up following a major award (BBSRC/MRC/ABPI/BPS/HEFCE/SFC) for Capacity Building in IMB: one of four awards in the UK. The cIMB works closely with MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science (CDSS), another initiative across the two Universities. The aim of the CDSS is to improve the speed and efficiency of translating basic research into new, safe and effective therapeutic agents. Our MRes is an integral part of the cIMB education programme which includes undergraduate and postgraduate research degrees, outreach to schools and the public, as well as continuing professional development. The aim of the MRes is to develop scientists with the necessary knowledge and in vivo skills to carry out cutting-edge basic and translational medical research. Our students obtain a thorough theoretical foundation in cell and systems physiology, a working knowledge of the techniques available for in vivo research and experience of planning and executing research projects. Our graduates are thus able to work from first principles in planning a study, and have the confidence borne from experience to move into independent research in academia or industry. The essential features of our programmes are 1) excellence in experimental design, 2) the development and best husbandry of animal models directly relevant to man and 3) training in and application of a very wide range of analytical technologies. The MRes also is an integral part of research capacity within the cIMB and CDSS. There are currently 86 principal investigators who are members of one or both Centres. Each principal investigator is a research active member of staff who uses in vivo sciences to some extent in their work. We are further increasing capacity by actively encouraging collaborations between these scientists and others who currently cannot use an integrated approach due to the lack of the necessary skills or licencing. For example, currently the cIMB has a total of 33 PhD students that depend heavily on in vivo sciences (this does not include simply the use of transgenic models or collecting tissue for ex vivo analysis). All of these PhDs have involved co-supervisions, often across Faculties. As part of the competitive vetting process, the potential supervisors provide outlines for one or more MRes projects otherwise their applications for PhD studentships will not be considered. Thus, we can guarantee a varied supply of innovative, cutting-edge projects for our MRes students (see examples in the Case for Support). Indeed, many of our MRes graduates go on to do a PhD as part of a '1+3' or a stand-alone degree.