Wheat Association Genetics for Trait Advancement and Improvement of Lineages

小麦关联遗传学促进性状提升和谱系改良

• 批准号: BB/J002542/1
• 负责人: Donal O'Sullivan
• 金额: $ 48.82万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ002542%2F1
• 关键词: Wheat; Association; Genetics; Trait; Advancement

Diseases of crops present major threats to the security of food supplies throughout the world. In the UK, our more important crop, wheat, is challenged by several significant harmful organisms including fungi, viruses and insects. Food production which is environmentally and economically sustainable requires crop yields to be maintained despite attacks by these pathogens. The two main pillars of disease control in arable crops are pesticide applications and the cultivation of resistant varieties. New legislation by the European Union will prevent increasingly severe obstacles to the introduction and use of pesticides from 2014 onwards, especially after 2018. Improved disease resistance is an important objective for wheat breeding but will become even more crucial to project food production in the UK once the new EU regulations come fully into effect. Almost all research on plant diseases, whether of crops or model species, focuses on single diseases. In field conditions, however, it is normal for crops to be attacked by epidemics of several pests and parasites simultaneously. This proposal takes a novel approach to researching the genetics of resistances to multiple diseases and their impact on yield. A particularly important goal is to identify genes for resistance to one disease which neither reduce yield nor increase susceptibility to other, non-target diseases. We will achieve this aim using association genetics, an approach which has proved extremely powerful in research on the genetics of disease and other traits in human populations. We will study a panel of 480 wheat varieties, including varieties which are commercially significant at present and their progenitors. We have chosen to study the four main diseases caused by fungi that attack the leaves of wheat plants. Together, these diseases present the main actual and potential threats to yield of wheat in UK conditions. There is currently good resistance in UK wheat varieties to powdery mildew and it is important that this desirable situation continues. Resistance to Septoria tritici has improved over the last ten years but this is still the most important wheat disease. Resistance to yellow rust is generally good by international standards but is often not durable, being quickly overcome through evolution of virulence in the fungus. There have been severe epidemics of brown rust in the UK in recent years and it is important that the average level of resistance of our wheat varieties to this disease is improved. An important goal is to generate a resource for use by the whole wheat research community. The association genetics analysis and the associated data, seed and DNA stocks will be a excellent resource for research on traits which are currently important. It will also, however, enable breeders and geneticists to respond to new threats, such as diseases which become important rapidly as a result of climate change or new agronomic practices; this has happened recently with Ramularia leaf spot of barley in northern Europe, including the UK. In summary, the association genetics approach will enhace current wheat breeding, especially for disease resistance, and enable us to be forearmed against future challenges.

农作物病害对全世界的粮食供应安全构成重大威胁。在英国，我们更重要的作物小麦受到几种重要有害生物的威胁，包括真菌、病毒和昆虫。在环境和经济上可持续的粮食生产要求在受到这些病原体攻击的情况下保持作物产量。耕地作物病害控制的两大支柱是农药的施用和抗病品种的培育。欧盟的新立法将从2014年起，特别是在2018年之后，防止越来越严重的农药引进和使用障碍。提高抗病性是小麦育种的一个重要目标，但一旦欧盟新法规全面生效，对英国的粮食生产计划将变得更加重要。几乎所有的植物病害研究，无论是作物还是模式种，都集中在单一病害上。然而，在田间条件下，作物同时受到几种害虫和寄生虫的流行是正常的。本研究提出了一种新的方法来研究多种病害的抗性遗传及其对产量的影响。一个特别重要的目标是确定对一种既不降低产量也不增加对其他非目标疾病易感性的疾病的抗性基因。我们将使用关联遗传学来实现这一目标，这种方法在研究人类群体中疾病和其他特征的遗传学方面被证明是非常强大的。我们将研究一组480个小麦品种，包括目前具有重要商业价值的品种及其祖先。我们选择研究真菌对小麦叶片造成的四种主要病害。总之，在英国条件下，这些病害对小麦产量构成了主要的实际和潜在威胁。目前，英国小麦品种对白粉病具有良好的抗性，重要的是这种理想的情况继续下去。小麦稻瘟病的抗病性在过去十年中有所提高，但稻瘟病仍是最重要的小麦病害。按照国际标准，对黄锈病的抵抗力通常是好的，但往往不是持久的，通过真菌的毒力进化很快就被克服了。近年来，英国发生了严重的褐锈病，重要的是提高我国小麦品种对这种疾病的平均抗性水平。一个重要的目标是产生供全麦研究界使用的资源。关联遗传分析及其相关数据、种子和DNA库将成为研究当前重要性状的良好资源。然而，它也将使育种者和遗传学家能够对新的威胁作出反应，例如由于气候变化或新的农艺做法而迅速变得重要的疾病；最近，在包括英国在内的北欧，大麦叶斑病就发生了这种情况。总之，关联遗传学方法将增强当前小麦育种，特别是抗病育种，并使我们能够为应对未来的挑战做好准备。

项目成果

Trends of genetic changes uncovered by Env- and Eigen-GWAS in wheat and barley.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03991-z
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik
• 作者: Sharma R;Cockram J;Gardner KA;Russell J;Ramsay L;Thomas WTB;O'Sullivan DM;Powell W;Mackay IJ
• 通讯作者: Mackay IJ

Mapping-by-sequencing in complex polyploid genomes using genic sequence capture: a case study to map yellow rust resistance in hexaploid wheat.

• DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13204
• 发表时间: 2016-08
• 期刊: The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
• 作者: Gardiner LJ;Bansept-Basler P;Olohan L;Joynson R;Brenchley R;Hall N;O'Sullivan DM;Hall A
• 通讯作者: Hall A

Pathogenomic Analysis of Wheat Yellow Rust Lineages Detects Seasonal Variation and Host Specificity.

• DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx241
• 发表时间: 2017-12-01
• 期刊: Genome biology and evolution
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Bueno-Sancho V;Persoons A;Hubbard A;Cabrera-Quio LE;Lewis CM;Corredor-Moreno P;Bunting DCE;Ali S;Chng S;Hodson DP;Madariaga Burrows R;Bryson R;Thomas J;Holdgate S;Saunders DGO
• 通讯作者: Saunders DGO

Achieving sustainable cultivation of wheat Volume 1

实现小麦的可持续种植第 1 卷

• DOI: 10.19103/as.2016.0004.05
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Bentley A

A framework for gene mapping in wheat demonstrated using the Yr7 yellow rust resistance gene

使用 Yr7 黄锈病抗性基因展示的小麦基因图谱框架

• DOI: 10.1101/793604
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Gardiner L