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Characterisation of cue-dependent behaviour in plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs); the neurobiology of host plant invasion

植物寄生线虫 (PPN) 线索依赖性行为的表征；

基本信息

批准号：
BB/J006890/1
负责人：
Lindy Holden-Dye
金额：
$ 49.04万
依托单位：
University of Southampton
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ006890%2F1
关键词：
Characterisation cue dependent behaviour plant

项目摘要

Nematodes are rounds worms that live in many habitats ranging from the highest mountains to the deepest seas. There are a number of different nematodes that have evolved for distinct life-styles. They encompass both non-parasitic and parasitic worms. Amongst the latter are parasitic nematodes that use agriculturally important crops and animals as hosts often affecting their vitality and/or viability. Such parasites lead to disease processes that cost billions of pounds and reduce the capability for food self-sufficiency and security. In the UK and across the world we face an increasing problem from nematodes that infect animals and also plant parasitic nematodes that infest crops. For the latter, this is worsened by the growing realization that current treatments are becoming increasingly unacceptable due to environmental and human health implications and their withdrawal from use. This places farming in a very vulnerable position. The plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) directly cause damage and also act as secondary carriers for diseases. In the UK they place a severe burden on potato crops. The life cycle of the PPNs involves the maturation of the worm in the host's root where it diverts plant nutrients to its own development and reproduction. This is followed by release of a free living form, from resource exhausted infected roots, that goes onto re-invade a different root. Some of these nematodes show a selective taste for one kind of plant while others can target a range of hosts. In either case the parasites often infect and reduce yields from intensively farmed and economically important crops. An essential aspect of the successful completion of the PPN life cycle is movement through the soil from the point of release to locate and reinvade new host roots. This is achieved through a simple three step process. Firstly, the free living worm detects signals from the root. Secondly it uses its sensor organs to detect these tell-tale host cues. Thirdly it uses these cues to track towards the new root. The details of what the worm's sensors are and how they guide its movement to an appropriate host are poorly understood but clearly very important for maintaining the parasite's life cycle. This is in complete contrast to the detailed understanding we have for another species of nematode, the so-called 'model' organism, C. elegans. This non-parasitic worm has been extensively studied by biologists since the 1960s and its success as a biological model is manifest by the fact that it was the first animal to have its genome sequenced (1998). Indeed, it has been instrumental in the award of three Nobel prizes. Neurobiologists have defined in precise detail the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms through which this worm senses food and moves towards it. Furthermore, chemicals that act against parasitic nematodes also have effects on C. elegans consistent with the view that the latter provide a good model for understanding signalling and behaviour in PPNs. We will use the techniques, expertise and understanding of C. elegans and translate these to a detailed analysis of host location behaviour in PPNs. We will use laboratory based investigations in which root extracts from host plants modify PPN behaviour and investigate chemicals that could act against PPNs to prevent their ability to locate and/or move towards the host plant. This will be facilitated by ongoing genome sequencing for PPNs which will reveal the molecular identity of new targets through which nematicidal chemicals act. This will be done with a view to identifying new chemical targets for nematicides. These efforts will be facilitated by a supply of chemicals from collaborating industrial colleagues that have the potential to provide PPN selective nematicides that act by impairing the parasite's ability to find its host plant. In this way the project will address the threat to farming posed by the lack of effective, environmentally safe nematicides.

线虫是一种圆形蠕虫，生活在从最高的山脉到最深的海洋的许多栖息地。有许多不同的线虫已经进化出不同的生活方式。它们包括非寄生蠕虫和寄生蠕虫。后者包括寄生线虫，它们以农业上重要的农作物和动物为宿主，经常影响其活力和/或生存能力。此类寄生虫会导致造成数十亿英镑损失的疾病过程，并降低粮食自给自足和安全的能力。在英国和世界各地，我们面临着日益严重的感染动物的线虫和感染农作物的植物寄生线虫的问题。对于后者来说，由于人们越来越认识到，由于对环境和人类健康的影响以及它们的退出，目前的治疗方法变得越来越不可接受，情况变得更加恶化。这使农业处于非常脆弱的地位。植物寄生线虫（PPN）直接造成损害，也是疾病的次要携带者。在英国，它们给马铃薯作物带来了严重的负担。 PPNs 的生命周期涉及蠕虫在宿主根部的成熟，它将植物的营养物质转移到自身的发育和繁殖中。随后，从资源耗尽的受感染根中释放出一种自由的生命形式，并重新入侵不同的根。其中一些线虫对一种植物表现出选择性的味道，而另一些线虫则可以针对一系列寄主。在这两种情况下，寄生虫通常会感染集约化种植和具有重要经济意义的作物，并降低其产量。 PPN 成功完成生命周期的一个重要方面是从释放点穿过土壤，定位并重新侵入新的宿主根部。这是通过简单的三步过程实现的。首先，自由生活的蠕虫检测来自根部的信号。其次，它使用其传感器器官来检测这些明显的宿主线索。第三，它使用这些线索来追踪新的根。人们对蠕虫的传感器是什么以及它们如何引导其移动到适当的宿主的细节知之甚少，但显然对于维持寄生虫的生命周期非常重要。这与我们对另一种线虫，即所谓的“模型”生物——秀丽隐杆线虫——的详细了解完全相反。自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，生物学家对这种非寄生蠕虫进行了广泛研究，它作为生物模型的成功体现在它是第一个对其基因组进行测序的动物 (1998)。事实上，它在三项诺贝尔奖的颁发中发挥了重要作用。神经生物学家已经精确地详细定义了这种蠕虫感知食物并朝食物移动的分子、细胞和行为机制。此外，对抗寄生线虫的化学物质也对秀丽隐杆线虫有影响，这与以下观点一致：后者为理解 PPN 中的信号传导和行为提供了良好的模型。我们将利用线虫的技术、专业知识和理解，并将其转化为对 PPN 中宿主位置行为的详细分析。我们将使用基于实验室的研究，其中寄主植物的根提取物改变 PPN 行为，并研究可能对抗 PPN 的化学物质，以阻止其定位和/或移向寄主植物的能力。正在进行的 PPN 基因组测序将促进这一点，该测序将揭示杀线虫化学物质发挥作用的新靶标的分子身份。这样做的目的是确定杀线虫剂的新化学目标。工业界合作伙伴提供的化学品将有助于这些努力，这些化学品有可能提供 PPN 选择性杀线虫剂，通过削弱寄生虫寻找宿主植物的能力来发挥作用。通过这种方式，该项目将解决因缺乏有效、环境安全的杀线虫剂而对农业造成的威胁。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Identification and characterisation of serotonin signalling in the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida reveals new targets for crop protection.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008884
发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
PLoS pathogens
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Crisford A;Calahorro F;Ludlow E;Marvin JMC;Hibbard JK;Lilley CJ;Kearn J;Keefe F;Johnson P;Harmer R;Urwin PE;O'Connor V;Holden-Dye L
通讯作者：
Holden-Dye L

Progressive metabolic impairment underlies the novel nematicidal action of fluensulfone on the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida