Olfactory mechanisms underlying behavioural manipulation of mosquitoes by malaria parasites

疟原虫对蚊子行为操纵的嗅觉机制

• 批准号: BB/J008869/1
• 负责人: James Logan
• 金额: $ 59.11万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ008869%2F1
• 关键词: Olfactory; mechanisms; underlying; behavioural; manipulation

Parasites have the ability to manipulate the behaviour of the insects that are involved in their transmission to enhance their own reproductive fitness. For example, malaria-infected mosquitoes take larger blood meals than uninfected ones, and will take multiple blood meals. In a pilot study, conducted recently by the applicants, we demonstrated that females of one of the most important African malaria mosquito species Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto infected with Plasmodium falciparum, one of the most important parasites that causes malaria in human beings, were significantly more attracted to human odours than uninfected mosquitoes. This was the first demonstration of a change in An. gambiae s.s. behaviour in response to human odours caused by infection with the malaria parasite P. falciparum. This behaviour is of fundamental importance since it will enhance the efficiency of disease transmission. We propose to explore the mechanisms for this response. The hypothesis of the proposed study is that P. falciparum parasites manipulate the olfactory system of host-seeking An. gambiae female mosquitoes making them more sensitive to host stimuli and this causes infected mosquitoes to be more attracted to human hosts.We propose to build on our preliminary study to quantify, using a windtunnel bioassay, the behavioural responses of An. gambiae s.s. female infected with human malaria parasites, P. falciparum, compared to uninfected females and determine whether the response depends on the lifecycle stage of the parasites within the mosquito. We will use olfactometer studies, which are designed to measure the behavioural response of the insects to human odours, within specially designed secure laboratories at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. To determine the effect of a Plasmodium infection on the olfactory system (i.e. the mosquito's sense of smell), we will use an electrophysiology technique which allows us to record the response of the mosquito's antenna to individual compounds within the complex mixture that makes up human body odour. This, along with other state-of-the-art analytical chemistry techniques, will allow us to identify the volatile compounds that the mosquito can detect and to determine whether infected mosquitoes respond differently to the odorous volatiles emitted by humans to uninfected mosquitoes.The results of our study will provide information that could be used to illuminate how malaria is transmitted between human beings by An. gambiae s.s. females. Importantly, new attractive compounds could be identified which could be used to develop improved mosquito traps for surveillance or trapping programmes that may even specifically target P. falciparum-infected An. gambiae s.s. females. This study will be a fundamental example of how parasites are able to manipulate their host to increase their own reproductive fitness.

寄生虫有能力操纵参与传播的昆虫的行为，以提高自己的生殖健康。例如，感染疟疾的蚊子比未感染的蚊子需要更多的血餐，并且会采取多次血餐。在申请人最近进行的一项试点研究中，我们证明了感染恶性疟原虫（在人类中引起疟疾的最重要的寄生虫之一）的最重要的非洲疟疾蚊子物种冈比亚严格意义上的按蚊（Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto）之一的雌性比未感染的蚊子明显更受人类气味的吸引。这是第一次证明安的变化。冈比亚公司由于感染了恶性疟原虫而对人类气味作出反应的行为。这种行为具有根本的重要性，因为它将提高疾病传播的效率。我们建议探索这种反应的机制。这项研究的假设是，恶性疟原虫操纵了寻找宿主的安氏按蚊的嗅觉系统。冈比亚雌性蚊子使他们更敏感的主机刺激，这导致受感染的蚊子更吸引人类hosts.We建议建立在我们的初步研究量化，使用风洞生物测定，行为反应的安。冈比亚公司感染人类疟原虫恶性疟原虫的雌性与未感染的雌性进行比较，并确定这种反应是否取决于蚊子体内寄生虫的生命周期阶段。我们将在伦敦卫生与热带医学院专门设计的安全实验室内使用嗅觉计研究，旨在测量昆虫对人类气味的行为反应。为了确定疟原虫感染对嗅觉系统（即蚊子的嗅觉）的影响，我们将使用电生理学技术，该技术使我们能够记录蚊子的触角对构成人体气味的复杂混合物中的单个化合物的反应。这一点，沿着其他国家的最先进的分析化学技术，将使我们能够确定挥发性化合物，蚊子可以检测到，并确定是否感染蚊子不同的反应，由人类散发的气味挥发物uninfected mosquitoes.我们的研究结果将提供信息，可用于阐明疟疾是如何在人类之间传播的An。冈比亚公司女性重要的是，可以鉴定新的有吸引力的化合物，其可以用于开发改进的蚊子诱捕器，用于甚至可以特异性地针对恶性疟原虫感染的An的监测或诱捕方案。冈比亚公司女性这项研究将是寄生虫如何操纵宿主以增加自身生殖适应性的一个基本例子。

项目成果

Species-specific alterations in Anopheles mosquito olfactory responses caused by Plasmodium infection.

疟原虫感染引起的按蚊嗅觉反应的物种特异性改变。

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40074-y
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Stanczyk NM

Species-specific alterations in Anopheles mosquito olfactory responses caused by Plasmodium infection

疟原虫感染引起按蚊嗅觉反应的物种特异性改变

• DOI: 10.3929/ethz-b-000330426
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Stanczyk, Nina M.

Detection of malaria sporozoites expelled during mosquito sugar feeding.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26010-6
• 发表时间: 2018-05-15
• 期刊: Scientific reports
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Brugman VA;Kristan M;Gibbins MP;Angrisano F;Sala KA;Dessens JT;Blagborough AM;Walker T
• 通讯作者: Walker T