Developing Rapid Responses to Emerging Virus Infections of Poultry (DRREVIP)

禽类病毒的研究对现代病毒学的发展做出了重要贡献，因为感染材料和实验对象的现成，以及大多数禽类病毒对人类不构成威胁的事实。随后，同样的因素允许在实验室中开发病毒检测和繁殖技术，先使用卵子，然后进行组织培养。这些技术当时在哺乳动物病毒学中发挥了重要作用。如今，家禽病毒学有助于保护我们免受新出现的人畜共患病病毒的侵袭，如H5N1和西尼罗河病毒。它还有助于保护最重要和普遍接受的动物蛋白来源的供应，以养活日益增长的世界人口。这种供应必须在整个复杂的现代行业得到保护，从全球(包括英国和欧洲)育种公司的精英创始人股票，到大规模、显而易见的肉鸡和鸡蛋生产水平。传染性威胁经常出现，有时来自以前未知的病毒。很明显，家禽病毒学在人类健康以及生物技术和制药行业中发挥着重要作用。病毒的分离和诊断通常在鸡蛋或禽类细胞中进行，并在其中生产一些重要的疫苗(特别是季节性和大流行性流感疫苗)。对未知病毒的诊断和分离，以及它们的生产来制造新的疫苗，可能需要开发转基因鸡蛋和鸡细胞。英国传统上在家禽病毒研究方面一直很强大，可以说是导致了流感疫苗的开发和抗病毒干扰素的发现。它还为研究新出现的病毒做出了广泛贡献。BBSRC计划与爱丁堡罗斯林的一个新的国家禽类研究机构合作，在IAH皮尔布赖特的新的国家牲畜病毒学中心加强家禽病毒学方面的工作。然而，在这些设施建成之前，该领域在招募、保留、继任和临界质量方面面临困难。这项提议解决了在设计和开发改良细胞方面的重大科学挑战，以便更好地分离和诊断新出现的病毒，以及更快和更好地生产针对它们的疫苗(以保护全球粮食供应，但也有利于生物技术和制药行业)。它将涵盖地方性和外来病毒，因为在家禽部门，新病毒迅速跨越国家和大陆边界成为全球问题。更重要的是，它将有助于在新设施之前确保英国家禽病毒研究的有效能力。它建立了一个小型的、有重点的、有重点的大学团队网络，这些团队在家禽病毒学方面拥有丰富的经验，以招募年轻的博士后科学家。它将由来自Roslin和IAH的一名领先的有代表性的研究人员提供支持，提供对这些设施的网络访问，并协助管理该方案。新招募人员将与生物医学科学家一起接受学术部门需求方面的培训，以便在影响较大的期刊上发表文章，并定期争取学术奖学金，但他们将在IAH和Roslin的大力支持下，从其团队和网络获得家禽病毒学(和相关学科)方面的强有力指导。该计划不能涵盖家禽病毒学和相关学科的所有方面，但希望其他对家禽病毒学感兴趣的卓越中心(如爱丁堡、贝尔法斯特、利物浦、华威、DEFRA的AHVLA)将参与培训，并与那些将成为下一代英国家禽病毒学家核心的人合作。最终，一些新人预计将加入国家家禽研究设施，而另一些人将留在大学，但处于与设施中的那些人合作的有利地位。

The study of viruses of poultry made important contributions to the development of the modern science of virology, due to the ready availability of infectious materials and experimental subjects and by the fact that the majority of the poultry viruses posed no threat to humans. Subsequently the same factors allowed development of techniques for the assay and propagation of viruses in the laboratory, using eggs then tissue culture. These same techniques then played important roles in mammalian virology. Nowadays poultry virology helps protect us from emerging zoonotic viruses such as H5N1 and West Nile virus. It also helps protect the supply of the most important and universally acceptable sources of animal protein to feed a growing world population. That supply has to be protected throughout the sophisticated modern industry, from elite founder stocks in worldwide (including UK and European) breeder companies right down to the massive, obvious level of broiler and egg production. Infectious threats arise regularly, sometimes from previously unknown viruses.Less obviously, poultry virology plays major roles in human health and in the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical industries. Isolation and diagnosis of viruses is often conducted in eggs or avian cells, and some important vaccines (notably seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines) are produced in them. Diagnosis and isolation of viruses that remain unknown, and their production to make new vaccines, will probably require the development of genetically modified eggs and chicken cells.The UK has traditionally been strong in poultry virus research, arguably leading to the development of the influenza vaccine and to the discovery of antiviral interferon. It has also contributed extensively to work on emerging viruses. BBSRC plans increased effort in poultry virology in the new National Centre for Livestock Virology at IAH Pirbright, working alongside a new National Avian Research Facility at Roslin, Edinburgh. However, until those facilities are completed, the field faces difficulties in recruitment, retention, succession and critical mass.This proposal addresses important scientific challenges in the design and development of modified cells to allow better isolation and diagnosis of emerging viruses as well as faster and better production of vaccines against them (to protect global food supply but also to benefit the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical industries). It will cover endemic and exotic viruses as, in the poultry sector, new viruses rapidly cross national and continental boundaries to become global problems. More importantly, it will help secure effective capacity in UK poultry virus research in advance of the new facilities. It establishes a small, focussed and focal network of university teams, with considerable experience of poultry virology, to recruit young post-doctoral scientists. It will be supported by a leading, representative researcher each from Roslin and IAH, offering network access to those facilities and assisting in managing the programme. Recruits will be trained in the demands of the academic sector, alongside and in collaboration with biomedical scientists, to publish in high impact journals and regularly aim for academic fellowships, yet they will receive strong guidance in poultry virology (and related disciplines) from their teams and the network, with strong support from the IAH and Roslin. The programme cannot cover all aspects of poultry virology and related disciplines but it is hoped that other centres of excellence with interests in poultry virology (e.g. Edinburgh, Belfast, Liverpool, Warwick, DEFRA's AHVLA) will participate in training and collaborating with those who will form the core of the next generation of UK poultry virologists. At the end, some recruits are expected to join the national poultry research facilities while others will remain in universities, but in strong positions to collaborate with those in the facilities.