First steps: the mechanics and control of velocity change in humans

第一步：人体速度变化的机制和控制

• 批准号: BB/K006029/1
• 负责人: William Sellers
• 金额: $ 52.15万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FK006029%2F1
• 关键词: First; steps; mechanics; control; velocity

Humans moving around on two legs appear to do this effortlessly most of the time. However, particularly as we get older, injuries due to falls are unfortunately very common. In order to understand how to reduce the frequency of falls, and to help prevent other injuries to our muscles, joints, bones, tendons and ligaments, we need to improve our understanding of how the locomotor system works. Locomotor research has concentrated primarily on what are called steady state activities such as standing in one place, or moving at a constant speed on a treadmill. However a lot of injuries occur at other times such as when starting, stopping or turning. These are the activities that are the focus of this research project. The trouble is that it is very hard to study these forms of locomotion because, by their very nature, they do not simply repeat themselves in an easily controlled fashion. We therefore plan to study people moving freely around the laboratory and responding to spoken commands (e.g. "turn left", "stop"). While they are doing this we will record what happens to their bodies in terms of the muscles that are doing the work, the movements that the limbs perform, and the forces that are applied to the outside world. However this only tells us half the story. We really want to know what is going on at a level where we can use the information to develop techniques that we can use in rehabilitation or training. That means that we need to know what is going on inside the body. This is very difficult to do experimentally so we are proposing instead to construct sophisticated computer models of locomotion that can be trained, using a supercomputer, to mimic the actions that we record from experimental subjects. In the computer model we can inestigate and control everything that is happening which lets us get a much more complete picture. In the computer we can simulate changes in muscle strength to mimic the changes associated with ageing, measure its effects, and directly test strategies and treatments that can help improve locomotor performance. This "in silico" approach fills the gap that is left by purely experimental approaches and allows us to get a much more complete understanding of locomotion for both practical and purely theoretical reasons.

用两条腿走路的人类在大多数时候似乎毫不费力地做到了这一点。然而，特别是随着年龄的增长，不幸的是，由于福尔斯受伤是非常常见的。为了了解如何减少福尔斯的频率，并帮助防止我们的肌肉，关节，骨骼，肌腱和韧带的其他伤害，我们需要提高我们对运动系统如何工作的理解。运动研究主要集中在所谓的稳态活动，如站在一个地方，或在跑步机上以恒定的速度移动。然而，很多伤害发生在其他时候，如启动，停止或转弯时。这些活动是本研究项目的重点。问题在于，研究这些运动形式非常困难，因为就其本质而言，它们不会简单地以一种容易控制的方式重复自己。因此，我们计划研究人们在实验室中自由移动并对口头命令（例如“左转”，“停止”）做出反应。当他们这样做的时候，我们将记录他们的身体发生了什么，包括做工作的肌肉，四肢执行的运动，以及施加到外部世界的力。然而，这只告诉我们故事的一半。我们真的很想知道在一个水平上发生了什么，我们可以使用这些信息来开发我们可以在康复或训练中使用的技术。这意味着我们需要知道身体内部发生了什么。这在实验上非常困难，因此我们建议构建复杂的运动计算机模型，可以使用超级计算机进行训练，以模仿我们从实验对象中记录的动作。在计算机模型中，我们可以调查和控制正在发生的一切，这让我们得到一个更完整的画面。在计算机中，我们可以模拟肌肉力量的变化，以模拟与衰老相关的变化，测量其影响，并直接测试有助于改善运动表现的策略和治疗方法。这种“计算机模拟”的方法填补了纯实验方法留下的差距，使我们能够从实践和纯理论的角度更全面地了解运动。

项目成果

Investigating the running abilities of Tyrannosaurus rex using stress-constrained multibody dynamic analysis.

• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3420
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: PeerJ
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Sellers WI;Pond SB;Brassey CA;Manning PL;Bates KT
• 通讯作者: Bates KT

The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.015
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Journal of human evolution
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Püschel TA;Gladman JT;Bobe R;Sellers WI
• 通讯作者: Sellers WI

Subject-specific body segment parameter estimation using 3D photogrammetry with multiple cameras

使用多相机 3D 摄影测量来估计特定主体的身体部位参数

• DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.573v1
• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Peyer K

A study of the progression of damage in an axially loaded Branta leucopsis femur using X-ray computed tomography and digital image correlation.

• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3416
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: PeerJ
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Mustansar Z;McDonald SA;Sellers WI;Manning PL;Lowe T;Withers PJ;Margetts L
• 通讯作者: Margetts L

Subject-specific body segment parameter estimation using 3D photogrammetry with multiple cameras.

• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.831
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: PeerJ
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: Peyer KE;Morris M;Sellers WI
• 通讯作者: Sellers WI