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Genomics-assisted breeding for fatty acid content and composition in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

多年生黑麦草 (Lolium perenne L.) 脂肪酸含量和组成的基因组辅助育种

基本信息

批准号：
BB/K017160/1
负责人：
Jon Moorby
金额：
$ 103.57万
依托单位：
Aberystwyth University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FK017160%2F1
关键词：
Genomics assisted breeding fatty acid

项目摘要

The central objective of this proposal is to improve the fatty acid (FA) content of perennial ryegrass by applying state-of-the-art genomics tools and resources and high throughput phenotyping methodologies and to quantify the impact of modified FA content on animal production, supply of beneficial omega-3 FA to the animal and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG). The project addresses some of the major challenges facing UK agriculture in a world that is undergoing climate change. The UK's climate favours grassland-based livestock production which is charged with the challenging target of increasing production whilst reducing inputs at a range of levels. Such sustainable intensification is increasingly relevant to the future of livestock agriculture. This proposal addresses sustainable agricultural production at the interface of three BBSRC strategic priority areas: crop science, livestock production and healthy and safe food. It is of high strategic relevance, specifically in understanding and exploiting the genomics for enhanced nutritional composition of pasture grasses (crop science). It will also increase the efficiency and sustainability of animal production, including minimising negative environmental impacts, such as emissions of greenhouse gases (livestock production) and investigates the potential of novel nutrient supplies from plants (healthy and safe food).Fats and oils are an important component of livestock diets, contributing a significant input of energy into the productive requirements of animals that consume them. Beyond delivering basic energy requirements for meat and milk production, FAs, and more importantly the FA profile of lipids in livestock feed can influence rumen function and the quality of animal products used for human food. We have identified a significant opportunity in relation to improving total FA content, in particular the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) fraction, which will enable the next generation of IBERS high performance ryegrass varieties to provide benefits to UK agriculture and the environment, by potentially reducing enteric methane emissions and increasing ruminant production. It will also potentially result in human health benefits with more forage-derived PUFA being present in meat and milk. The project will combine the expertise of plant geneticists and breeders with ruminant nutritionists in an integrated multidisciplinary project. It will develop the genetic tools and resources to enable efficient selection for FA content and composition. Phenotyping plant material for FA content is however time consuming and costly. This project will therefore also develop high throughput techniques that will complement the advanced genetic approaches. The effect of modified grass FA content and composition on methane emissions, omega-3 absorption and growth of ruminants will be studied in vitro and in vivo. The project will use the results in combination with genomic selection approaches now being applied to the IBERS grass breeding programme to speed up the development of new perennial ryegrass varieties and their uptake by the livestock sector. Grass breeding programmes at IBERS have a track record of innovation and of delivery in terms of quality improvements, particularly in relation to cell wall biochemistry and the development of high water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) grasses which are well adapted to the UK and have a good agronomic performance. This proposal is being submitted through the BBSRC stand-alone LINK scheme. The project will benefit from the involvement of the only UK-owned forage grass and legume seed production and wholesale company (Germinal Holdings) and HCC representing a large part of the UK ruminant livestock sector, allowing for identification and review of key targets by the industrial partners and uptake and delivery of the outcomes of this project.

该提案的中心目标是通过应用最先进的基因组学工具和资源以及高通量表型分析方法来提高多年生黑麦草的脂肪酸（FA）含量，并量化改良的FA含量对动物生产、向动物提供有益的omega-3 FA和温室气体排放（GHG）的影响。该项目解决了英国农业在正在经历气候变化的世界中面临的一些主要挑战。英国的气候有利于以草地为基础的畜牧业生产，这是一个具有挑战性的目标，即增加产量，同时减少一系列水平的投入。这种可持续的集约化对畜牧业的未来越来越重要。该提案涉及BBSRC三个战略优先领域的可持续农业生产：作物科学，畜牧业生产和健康安全食品。它具有高度的战略意义，特别是在理解和利用基因组学增强牧草的营养成分（作物科学）。它还将提高动物生产的效率和可持续性，包括最大限度地减少对环境的负面影响，如温室气体排放（畜牧业生产），并研究来自植物的新型营养供应（健康和安全食品）的潜力。脂肪和油是牲畜饮食的重要组成部分，为消耗它们的动物的生产需求提供了大量能量。除了提供肉类和牛奶生产的基本能量需求外，脂肪酸，更重要的是牲畜饲料中脂质的脂肪酸分布可以影响瘤胃功能和用于人类食品的动物产品的质量。我们已经确定了一个重要的机会，提高总脂肪酸含量，特别是多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）部分，这将使下一代IBERS高性能黑麦草品种，以提供英国农业和环境的好处，通过潜在的减少肠道甲烷排放和增加反刍动物的产量。它还可能对人类健康有益，因为肉类和牛奶中含有更多的饲料来源的PUFA。该项目将联合收割机的专业知识，植物遗传学家和育种家与反刍动物营养学家在一个综合的多学科项目。它将开发遗传工具和资源，以实现对FA含量和组成的有效选择。然而，对植物材料的FA含量进行表型分析是耗时且昂贵的。因此，该项目还将开发高通量技术，以补充先进的遗传方法。将在体外和体内研究改性草FA含量和组成对反刍动物甲烷排放、ω-3吸收和生长的影响。该项目将利用这些结果，结合目前应用于IBERS草育种计划的基因组选择方法，以加快新的多年生黑麦草品种的开发及其在畜牧业中的应用。IBERS的牧草育种计划在质量改进方面具有创新和交付的记录，特别是在细胞壁生物化学和开发高水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）草方面，这些草非常适合英国，并具有良好的农艺性能。该提案是通过BBSRC独立LINK计划提交的。该项目将受益于英国唯一的饲草和豆类种子生产和批发公司（German Holdings）以及代表英国反刍动物部门很大一部分的HCC的参与，允许工业合作伙伴识别和审查关键目标，并吸收和交付该项目的成果。