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Establishing biofumigation as a sustainable pesticide replacement for control of soil-borne pests and pathogens in potato and horticultural crops.

将生物熏蒸作为一种可持续的农药替代品，用于控制马铃薯和园艺作物的土传害虫和病原体。

基本信息

批准号：
BB/K020706/1
负责人：
Peter Urwin
金额：
$ 45.42万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FK020706%2F1
关键词：
Establishing biofumigation sustainable pesticide replacement

项目摘要

Our research is designed to help UK farmers control soil pests which damage crop production cheaply and effectively at the same time as reducing dependence on conventional pesticides which might harm the environment. The most damaging of these soil pests are microscopic nematode worms. There are different species of nematodes: some attack potato plants whilst others can infect a range of plants, including carrots and soft fruit. The most prevalent economically important species of nematode, and so the one that has the highest economic impact on UK farmers, infects the roots of potato plants and is consequently termed potato cyst nematode (PCN). There are disproportional impacts on our potato industry because of a higher incidence of PCN in the UK than in most of Europe. EU legislation has resulted in the recent loss of two major chemicals used to control nematode pests, termed nematicides, in response to the environmental concerns their use raised and plans to amend the legislation regulating pesticide use still further are likely to remove the three remaining nematicides, possibly quite suddenly. This is causing major concern to the British potato industry because it is doubtful if new pesticides, which are effective but also meet appropriate environmental safety standards, can be developed in time to replace the pesticides being phased out.One alternative control method that could be adopted in the limited timeframe available to UK potato growers is a strategy known as biofumigation, which suppresses pests by incorporating mustards and other types of plants into soil. Potato Council Ltd (which safeguards the interests of the UK potato growing industry) and the Horticultural Development Company (which promotes the UK horticultural sector), in conjunction with potato businesses, have now committed to support research to understand exactly how biofumigation works and how the potential of this technique can be exploited most effectively under field conditions. Our preliminary work has characterised a number of different plant species that produce natural chemicals which detrimentally affect PCN. We have shown that biofumigation can be used to stop the eggs of PCN from hatching into worms which subsequently attack potato plants. We have identified different types of mustard plant that could be used in biofumigation because of the range of natural anti-nematode chemicals they produce. However, inconsistencies in the effectiveness of these plants and a lack of detailed data on how best to deploy biofumigation under a range of agronomic situations prevent the widespread uptake of this sustainable pest control technique. This project will address this knowledge gap by elucidating the fundamental biochemical and metabolic processes underpinning effective biofumigation. It will characterise the profiles of the active chemical compounds, called glucosinolates, of different biofumigant mustards and determine how these vary with plant development stage and environmental factors. It will identify novel active compounds potentially effective against pests but not, as yet, evaluated in biofumigant field trials. We will analyse the effects of biofumigant plants on a range of pests both in glasshouse studies and in multiple field trials. We will use a novel plant growth technique that makes soil appear transparent allowing us to observe the effects of biofumigation on some of the nematode species for the first time. It must be shown that biofumigation does not adversely affect UK soils before the approach can be endorsed by the Potato Council, DEFRA, EU or certifiers of organic produce. We will therefore analyse the impact of biofumigant crops on beneficial organisms in the soil when deployed in the field. Outputs of the research will allow optimal deployment of biofumigation strategies for maximum efficiency over a range of field conditions, providing a sustainable pest control option for both conventional and organic farmers.

我们的研究旨在帮助英国农民控制土壤害虫，这些害虫以廉价有效的方式破坏作物生产，同时减少对可能损害环境的传统农药的依赖。这些土壤害虫中最具破坏性的是微观蠕虫。有不同种类的线虫：一些攻击马铃薯植物，而另一些可以感染一系列植物，包括胡萝卜和软水果。最普遍的经济上重要的线虫物种，因此对英国农民具有最高经济影响的线虫，感染马铃薯植物的根部，因此被称为马铃薯胞囊线虫（PCN）。对我们的马铃薯产业有不成比例的影响，因为英国的PCN发病率高于欧洲大部分国家。欧盟立法已导致用于控制线虫害虫的两种主要化学品（称为杀线虫剂）的最近损失，以应对其使用引起的环境问题，并且进一步修订监管农药使用的立法的计划可能会删除剩余的三种杀线虫剂，可能会非常突然。这引起了英国马铃薯产业的严重关注，因为人们怀疑是否能及时开发出有效但也符合适当环境安全标准的新农药来取代正在逐步淘汰的农药。英国马铃薯种植者可以在有限的时间内采用的一种替代控制方法是一种称为生物熏蒸的策略，它通过将芥菜和其他类型的植物掺入土壤来抑制害虫。马铃薯理事会有限公司（保护英国马铃薯种植业的利益）和园艺发展公司（促进英国园艺部门）与马铃薯企业合作，现在已承诺支持研究，以确切了解生物熏蒸是如何工作的，以及如何在田间条件下最有效地利用这项技术的潜力。我们的初步工作已经确定了一些不同的植物物种，这些植物物种产生的天然化学物质会对多氯化萘产生不良影响。我们已经表明，生物熏蒸可以用来阻止PCN的卵孵化成蠕虫，随后攻击马铃薯植物。我们已经确定了不同类型的芥菜植物，可用于生物熏蒸，因为它们产生的天然抗线虫化学品的范围。然而，这些植物的有效性不一致，以及缺乏关于如何在一系列农艺条件下最好地部署生物熏蒸的详细数据，阻碍了这种可持续虫害控制技术的广泛采用。该项目将通过阐明有效生物熏蒸的基本生化和代谢过程来解决这一知识差距。它将分析不同生物熏蒸剂的活性化合物硫代葡萄糖苷的分布，并确定这些化合物如何随植物发育阶段和环境因素而变化。它将确定新的活性化合物可能有效地对抗害虫，但尚未在生物熏蒸剂田间试验中进行评估。我们将在温室研究和多个田间试验中分析生物熏蒸植物对一系列害虫的影响。我们将使用一种新的植物生长技术，使土壤看起来透明，使我们能够观察生物熏蒸对一些线虫物种的影响。必须证明生物熏蒸不会对英国土壤产生不利影响，然后才能得到马铃薯理事会、DEFRA、欧盟或有机农产品认证机构的认可。因此，我们将分析生物熏蒸剂作物在田间部署时对土壤中有益生物的影响。研究成果将允许生物熏蒸策略的最佳部署，以在一系列田间条件下实现最大效率，为传统和有机农民提供可持续的虫害控制选择。