Persistence
坚持
基本信息
- 批准号:BB/W007940/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 76.47万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2022
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2022 至 无数据
- 项目状态:未结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Some animals have evolved to withstand the assault of extreme environmental conditions over long periods when a suitable food source is not available. Plant parasitic nematodes, more specifically the cyst nematodes, are good examples of this. These microscopic animals live in the soil and are dependent on specific species of host plants as food sources. Currently the control of these obligate parasites represents the largest variable cost to growers of crops such as potatoes. The potato cyst nematodes, which can only infect Solanaceous plants, exhibit remarkable persistence and can survive dormant in the soil for decades before emerging to infect crops. Encysted eggs retained in the hardened body wall of the female are the survival stage that is able to persist in the absence of a host plant and survive adverse soil temperature and moisture. This ability to survive long periods in the soil underlies their status as agriculturally important global pathogens. We have recently identified UK populations of potato cyst nematode that vary in their longevity in the field i.e. their viability in the absence of a potato crop declines at different rates. Importantly, we have also found that the rate at which nematode viability declines in the soil can be very much slower than previously described. This finding has important implications for management and control of potato cyst nematode, especially given the dwindling chemical control options available to UK growers. The specific molecular and biochemical mechanisms that allow this extraordinary longevity remain unanswered. These newly-identified long-lived populations offer a unique opportunity to understand the basic processes that protect the animal across a wide range of extreme environmental conditions.Cumulative damage to biological macromolecules including DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids occurs in cells during prolonged periods of dormancy. There is thus strong selection pressure to ensure that extending lifespan in dormancy does not compromise subsequent vigour. We hypothesise that, similar to desiccation-tolerant seeds, cyst nematodes have evolved powerful protection and repair mechanisms. Recent advances by co-I West have revealed crucial roles for genome maintenance pathways in the extended survival of seeds in the quiescent state. These features are shared widely amongst anhydrobiotic organisms and provide an exciting new target for understanding and attenuating the nematode lifecycle.This project will combine a range of techniques to reveal how nematodes have adapted to survive for extended periods in the soil. We will assess how much and what types of cellular damage accumulate during nematode dormancy. We have collections of stored nematode cysts that span a 30 year period of dormancy so we can analyse these to determine if cellular damage increases over time and when it reaches a critical point that affects survival. We will also determine the activity of DNA repair mechanisms that act in genome maintenance pathways after potato cyst nematode eggs rehydrate and are released from dormancy. We predict that cyst nematodes will require mechanisms to provide enhanced protection from damage during and after dormancy. We will analyse and compare global gene expression in dormant, rehydrated and hatched nematodes to identify the predominant stresses associated with these states and the mitigation strategies that protect and repair any damage. Finally, we will use our main findings to correlate the unexpected extreme longevity of recently discovered populations of potato cyst nematode with activity of molecular protect and repair mechanisms. This will provide the first evidence for the molecular basis of nematode longevity in the soil, fundamental to the development of a new suite of control measures.
一些动物已经进化到能够在没有合适食物来源的情况下长期承受极端环境条件的攻击。植物寄生线虫,更具体地说是孢囊线虫,就是很好的例子。这些微型动物生活在土壤中,依赖特定种类的宿主植物作为食物来源。目前,控制这些专性寄生虫是马铃薯等作物种植者的最大可变成本。马铃薯孢囊线虫只能感染茄科植物,表现出显著的持久性,可以在土壤中休眠数十年,然后才出现感染作物。被包囊的卵保留在雌性变硬的体壁中是存活阶段,能够在没有宿主植物的情况下持续存在,并在不利的土壤温度和湿度下存活。这种在土壤中长期存活的能力是它们作为农业上重要的全球病原体的基础。我们最近发现英国马铃薯胞囊线虫种群在田间的寿命各不相同,即在没有马铃薯作物的情况下,它们的生存能力以不同的速度下降。重要的是,我们还发现,线虫在土壤中生存能力下降的速度可能比以前描述的要慢得多。这一发现对马铃薯孢囊线虫的管理和控制具有重要意义,特别是考虑到英国种植者可用的化学控制选择越来越少。使这种非凡的长寿的特定分子和生物化学机制仍然没有答案。这些新发现的长寿种群提供了一个独特的机会,了解在各种极端环境条件下保护动物的基本过程。在长时间的休眠期间,细胞中的生物大分子(包括DNA、RNA、蛋白质和脂质)会发生累积损伤。因此,有强大的选择压力,以确保延长休眠寿命不会损害随后的活力。我们假设,类似于耐干燥的种子,孢囊线虫已经进化出强大的保护和修复机制。最近的进展,由co-I西揭示了基因组维持途径在种子在静止状态下延长生存的关键作用。这些特征在脱水生物中广泛存在,为理解和减弱线虫的生命周期提供了一个令人兴奋的新目标。该项目将联合收割机结合一系列技术,揭示线虫如何适应在土壤中长时间生存。我们将评估多少和什么类型的细胞损伤积累线虫休眠期间。我们收集了长达30年休眠期的储存线虫包囊,因此我们可以分析这些包囊,以确定细胞损伤是否会随着时间的推移而增加,以及何时达到影响生存的临界点。我们还将确定马铃薯胞囊线虫卵再水化和从休眠状态释放后,在基因组维持途径中起作用的DNA修复机制的活性。我们预测,胞囊线虫将需要机制,以提供增强的保护,从损害期间和休眠后。我们将分析和比较休眠,复水和孵化线虫的全球基因表达,以确定与这些国家和缓解策略,保护和修复任何损害相关的主要压力。最后,我们将利用我们的主要研究结果,将最近发现的马铃薯胞囊线虫种群的意外极端寿命与分子保护和修复机制的活性相关联。这将为土壤中线虫寿命的分子基础提供第一个证据,这对开发一套新的控制措施至关重要。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
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会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Peter Urwin其他文献
Recent Trends in the Labour Force Participation of Older People in the UK
- DOI:
10.1111/1468-0440.00042 - 发表时间:
1999-10-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.300
- 作者:
Philip Taylor;Peter Urwin - 通讯作者:
Peter Urwin
Peter Urwin的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Peter Urwin', 18)}}的其他基金
Managerial competences, engagement and productivity - developing positive relationships
管理能力、敬业度和生产力——发展积极的关系
- 批准号:
ES/S012796/2 - 财政年份:2022
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Managerial competences, engagement and productivity - developing positive relationships
管理能力、敬业度和生产力——发展积极的关系
- 批准号:
ES/S012796/1 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
An integrated strategy for control of animal and plant parasitic nematodes through targeting a 5-HT-gated chloride channel MOD-1
通过靶向 5-HT 门控氯离子通道 MOD-1 控制动植物寄生线虫的综合策略
- 批准号:
BB/T001097/1 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Translating nematode resistant banana lines from successful field trials to uptake in Uganda
将抗线虫香蕉品系从成功的田间试验转化为乌干达的采用
- 批准号:
BB/R019967/1 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Development of a PCN population advisory tool that provides robust advice and management
开发 PCN 群体咨询工具,提供可靠的建议和管理
- 批准号:
NE/P00797X/1 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Evolution of pathogen effectors to carry out novel functions in planta
病原体效应器的进化以在植物中发挥新功能
- 批准号:
BB/N016866/1 - 财政年份:2017
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
DfE: Early identification of young people at risk of poor educational and labour market outcomes: the role of educational institutions
DfE:及早识别面临教育和劳动力市场结果不佳风险的年轻人:教育机构的作用
- 批准号:
ES/P000975/1 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
New potato varieties with late blight and potato cyst nematode resistance, reduced bruising and improved processing quality
具有晚疫病和马铃薯胞囊线虫抗性、减少擦伤并提高加工质量的马铃薯新品种
- 批准号:
BB/M017672/1 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Establishing biofumigation as a sustainable pesticide replacement for control of soil-borne pests and pathogens in potato and horticultural crops.
将生物熏蒸作为一种可持续的农药替代品,用于控制马铃薯和园艺作物的土传害虫和病原体。
- 批准号:
BB/K020706/1 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Effects of environmental change: increased nematode pest status on UK crops.
环境变化的影响:英国农作物线虫害虫状况增加。
- 批准号:
BB/J015563/1 - 财政年份:2013
- 资助金额:
$ 76.47万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
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