Controlling enteric pathogens of poultry: Host/microbiota interactions, risk assessment and effective management interventions

控制家禽肠道病原体：宿主/微生物群相互作用、风险评估和有效的管理干预

• 批准号: BB/L00478X/1
• 负责人: Damer Blake
• 金额: $ 80.62万
• 依托单位: Royal Veterinary College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL00478X%2F1
• 关键词: Controlling; enteric; pathogens; poultry; Host

The global human population is predicted to increase by a third over the next 25 years, with countries of the developing world hosting 97% of this expansion. The ability to 'feed 9Bn people sustainably by 2050' is an urgent priority Indian and UK governments with the 12th Indian Five Year Plan requiring growth of the agricultural sector at 4% per annum to achieve food security. Poultry farming is a highly efficient and cost-effective system for producing animal protein for human consumption, but circulating infectious diseases compromise gut health and impact dramatically on farm economics, animal welfare and occasionally human health through transmission of zoonoses. Poultry gastrointestinal infections of most concern in UK and India are caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Eimeria and Salmonella. Susceptibility to gut colonisation and the outcomes of infection are directly influenced by many factors including host genotype, immune status, age at infection, strain of infecting microbe, composition of commensal enteric microbiota and presence of other acute or chronic infections. There are significant interactions between host and microbe biology, genetics, epigenetics, the environment and farm practices. Changes to diet, use of vaccines or antimicrobials, and flock-level interventions such as 'thinning', can have profound effects on intestinal health and the evolution and spread of disease-causing microbes and may be amplified by genetic variation in host and microbe populations. Whilst major advances in genomics and genotyping of commercial poultry lines is facilitating the identification of loci linked to susceptibility or resistance, the impact of host and pathogen diversity on disease and production outcomes remains largely unexplored.There is rich genetic diversity in India's native poultry breeds, and the hybrid exotic lines often used in Indian commercial production are distinct from the majority of poultry reared in the UK. The prevalence and dynamics of gastrointestinal infection at farm-level has a direct bearing on economic risk to individual farmers and contributes to overall global concerns of food security and food safety.Gaps in current knowledge prompt four fundamental questions around which this proposal is framed: 1. What is the epidemiology of specified gastrointestinal infections, and co-infections, across UK and Indian poultry production systems?2. Does host genotype exert an influence on (a) the prevalence, evolution and transmission of specified microbes and (b) the composition of flock-level enteric microbiota?3. What is the level of genetic variation within specific microbial populations in Indian and UK poultry production?4. What on-farm factors affect the risk of enteric colonisation and carriage of specified microbes and how can changes in poultry husbandry and management practices mitigate this risk?The proposal brings together UK and India experts in poultry genetics, animal health, epidemiology, pathology and pathogen biology. A multidisciplinary approach combining metagenomic sequencing, high density SNP-based QTL mapping, bacteriology, parasitology, molecular epidemiology and mathematical modelling will be used to quantify and predict disease risks at farm and national levels and to inform the development of intervention and management strategies, including future breeding and husbandry planning.

据预测，全球人口在未来25年将增加三分之一，其中97%来自发展中国家。“到2050年可持续养活90亿人”的能力是印度和英国政府的当务之急，印度第12个五年计划要求农业部门以每年4%的速度增长，以实现粮食安全。家禽养殖是生产供人类消费的动物蛋白质的高效和具有成本效益的系统，但循环传染病损害肠道健康，并通过人畜共患病的传播对农场经济、动物福利和偶尔的人类健康产生巨大影响。在英国和印度，最受关注的家禽胃肠道感染是由禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）、空肠弯曲杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、艾美耳球虫和沙门氏菌引起的。对肠道定殖的易感性和感染的结果直接受到许多因素的影响，包括宿主基因型、免疫状态、感染时的年龄、感染微生物的菌株、肠道微生物群的组成以及其他急性或慢性感染的存在。宿主与微生物生物学、遗传学、表观遗传学、环境和农业实践之间存在着重要的相互作用。改变饮食，使用疫苗或抗菌剂，以及群水平的干预措施，如“瘦”，可以对肠道健康和致病微生物的进化和传播产生深远的影响，并可能通过宿主和微生物种群的遗传变异放大。虽然在基因组学和基因分型的商业家禽线的主要进展是促进与易感性或耐药性的位点的鉴定，宿主和病原体的多样性对疾病和生产结果的影响仍然在很大程度上unexplored.There是丰富的遗传多样性在印度的本地家禽品种，和杂交异国情调的线，经常在印度的商业生产是不同的，从大多数家禽饲养在英国。农场层面胃肠道感染的流行和动态对个体农民的经济风险有直接影响，并导致全球对粮食安全和食品safety.Gap的整体关注，目前的知识提出了四个基本问题，围绕这一建议：1。在英国和印度家禽生产系统中，特定胃肠道感染和合并感染的流行病学是什么？2.宿主基因型是否对特定微生物的流行、进化和传播以及鸡群肠道菌群的组成产生影响？3.印度和英国家禽生产中特定微生物种群的遗传变异水平如何？4.哪些农场因素会影响肠道定植和特定微生物携带的风险，家禽饲养和管理实践的变化如何减轻这种风险？该提案汇集了英国和印度在家禽遗传学，动物健康，流行病学，病理学和病原体生物学方面的专家。将宏基因组测序、高密度SNP QTL定位、细菌学、寄生虫学、分子流行病学和数学建模相结合的多学科方法将用于量化和预测农场和国家层面的疾病风险，并为制定干预和管理战略提供信息，包括未来的育种和畜牧业规划。

项目成果

The complete genome sequence of Eimeria tenella (Tyzzer 1929), a common gut parasite of chickens.

• DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17100.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Wellcome open research
• 作者: Aunin E;Böhme U;Blake D;Dove A;Smith M;Corton C;Oliver K;Betteridge E;Quail MA;McCarthy SA;Wood J;Tracey A;Torrance J;Sims Y;Howe K;Challis R;Berriman M;Reid A
• 通讯作者: Reid A

Exploring Eimeria Genomes to Understand Population Biology: Recent Progress and Future Opportunities.

• DOI: 10.3390/genes11091103
• 发表时间: 2020-09-21
• 期刊: Genes
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Blake DP;Worthing K;Jenkins MC
• 通讯作者: Jenkins MC

Eimeria species occurrence varies between geographic regions and poultry production systems and may influence parasite genetic diversity.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.003
• 发表时间: 2017-01-15
• 期刊: Veterinary parasitology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Chengat Prakashbabu B;Thenmozhi V;Limon G;Kundu K;Kumar S;Garg R;Clark EL;Srinivasa Rao AS;Raj DG;Raman M;Banerjee PS;Tomley FM;Guitian J;Blake DP
• 通讯作者: Blake DP

Determinants of Eimeria and Campylobacter infection dynamics in UK domestic sheep: the role of co-infection.

英国家庭绵羊的爱imeria和弯曲杆菌感染动态的决定因素：共同感染的作用。

• DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000044
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: PARASITOLOGY
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Al-Neama, Raed Taha;Bown, Kevin J.;Blake, Damer P.;Birtles, Richard J.
• 通讯作者: Birtles, Richard J.

Molecular Identification of Eimeria Species in Broiler Chickens in Trinidad, West Indies.

• DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010012
• 发表时间: 2018-01-22
• 期刊: Veterinary sciences
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Brown Jordan A;Blake D;Beard J;Beharry A;Serrette L;Soleyn A;Sookhoo J;Blake L;Brown G;Oura C
• 通讯作者: Oura C