Organising Tissue Cell Polarity and Growth in Plants

组织组织细胞极性和植物生长

• 批准号: BB/L008920/1
• 负责人: Enrico Coen
• 金额: $ 173.04万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL008920%2F1
• 关键词: Organising; Tissue; Cell; Polarity; Growth

Unlike most things that we manufacture, like cars and phones, the biological structures we see around us are generated through growth: a tree grows from a seed and a human child grows from a microscopic fertilised egg. This growth is not guided by an external hand but is self-organised, coordinated by internal rules. Complex structures can arise from this process because growth and deformation occur at varying rates over tissues and preferentially in particular directions. A major challenge is to understand how this process of self-construction through growth operates. Answering this question may allow us to modulate growing structures in a predictive way and thus enable us to exploit, manage and interact with living systems more effectively. A major block to achieving this goal is that we currently understand little about how orientations are specified and coordinated within growing tissues. Our best working hypothesis is that this process depends on each cell having a polarity, like an internal compass, but how this polarity is propagated and coordinated across a tissue remains unclear. This project aims to address this problem by studying polarity coordinated in plants and how it may lead to tissue growing out in particular orientations. Plant cells are surrounded by walls which impede direct communication from one cell to another. Polarity coordination is therefore thought to operate indirectly, mediated by small molecules, such as the plant hormone auxin, that can diffuse through the cell wall. We have recently developed a general hypothesis for how this process may lead to coordinated polarity across tissues and a major aim of this project is to test this and other hypotheses through a combination of experimental and computational methods.To understand the mechanism of polarity coordination, we aim to switch on genes that have been implicated in polarity control in patches of cells within growing leaf tissue. By activating these genes in small patches of tissue we hope to see how the polarity of the surrounding tissue is affected and how this affects the growth of the cells, which we can follow in detail with bioimaging. These experiments will be conducted in normal plants and also plants in which certain polarity components have been removed through mutation. We also intend to develop computational modelling systems that will allow us to determine whether particular hypotheses can account for the observed patterns of polarity and growth change. This will involve developing new software to deal with both the cellular nature of tissues and the way they grow and deform. Taken together these experimental and computational approaches should enable us to arrive at a new and deeper understanding of how polarity and growth are coordinated and thus advance our ability to manage and exploit biological systems.

与我们制造的大多数东西（例如汽车和电话）不同，我们周围看到的生物结构是通过生长产生的：一棵树是从种子中生长出来的，而人类的孩子是从微小的受精卵中生长出来的。这种增长不是由外部力量引导，而是自我组织、由内部规则协调。这一过程可能会产生复杂的结构，因为生长和变形在组织上以不同的速率发生，并且优先在特定方向上发生。一个主要的挑战是理解这个通过成长进行自我建设的过程是如何运作的。回答这个问题可能使我们能够以预测的方式调节生长结构，从而使我们能够更有效地利用、管理生命系统并与之交互。实现这一目标的一个主要障碍是，我们目前对如何在生长组织内指定和协调方向知之甚少。我们最好的假设是，这个过程取决于每个细胞都有极性，就像内部指南针一样，但这种极性如何在组织中传播和协调仍不清楚。该项目旨在通过研究植物中协调的极性以及它如何导致组织以特定方向生长来解决这个问题。植物细胞被细胞壁包围，阻碍了一个细胞与另一个细胞的直接通讯。因此，极性协调被认为是间接运作的，由小分子介导，例如可以通过细胞壁扩散的植物激素生长素。我们最近提出了一个关于这一过程如何导致组织间协调极性的一般假设，该项目的主要目的是通过实验和计算方法相结合来测试这一假设和其他假设。为了了解极性协调的机制，我们的目标是打开与生长的叶子组织中的细胞斑块的极性控制有关的基因。通过激活小块组织中的这些基因，我们希望了解周围组织的极性如何受到影响以及这如何影响细胞的生长，我们可以通过生物成像详细跟踪。这些实验将在正常植物以及通过突变去除某些极性成分的植物中进行。我们还打算开发计算建模系统，使我们能够确定特定的假设是否可以解释观察到的极性和生长变化的模式。这将涉及开发新软件来处理组织的细胞性质及其生长和变形的方式。总而言之，这些实验和计算方法应该使我们能够对极性和生长如何协调产生新的、更深入的理解，从而提高我们管理和利用生物系统的能力。

项目成果

Fruit shape diversity in the Brassicaceae is generated by varying patterns of anisotropy.

• DOI: 10.1242/dev.135327
• 发表时间: 2016-09-15
• 期刊: Development (Cambridge, England)
• 作者: Eldridge T;Łangowski Ł;Stacey N;Jantzen F;Moubayidin L;Sicard A;Southam P;Kennaway R;Lenhard M;Coen ES;Østergaard L
• 通讯作者: Østergaard L

Spatiotemporal coordination of cell division and growth during organ morphogenesis.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005952
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: PLoS biology
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Fox S;Southam P;Pantin F;Kennaway R;Robinson S;Castorina G;Sánchez-Corrales YE;Sablowski R;Chan J;Grieneisen V;Marée AFM;Bangham JA;Coen E
• 通讯作者: Coen E

Intrinsic Cell Polarity Coupled to Growth Axis Formation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.036
• 发表时间: 2020-12-21
• 期刊: Current biology : CB
• 作者: Chan J;Mansfield C;Clouet F;Dorussen D;Coen E
• 通讯作者: Coen E