A genomics-assisted synthetic hexaploid wheat gene isolation and pre-breeding platform for improved heat tolerance and sustainable production

基因组学辅助合成六倍体小麦基因分离和预育种平台，用于提高耐热性和可持续生产

• 批准号: BB/L011700/1
• 负责人: James Cockram
• 金额: $ 64.64万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL011700%2F1
• 关键词: genomics; assisted; synthetic; hexaploid; wheat

Background: Wheat is the most important cereal for direct human consumption, and is crucial to populations most exposed to current and anticipated future failures in global food security. India is the world's second largest producer of wheat, while the UK is currently one of the world's highest yielding environments. However, a relatively narrow genetic base currently hampers wheat improvement by reducing our ability to breed new varieties adapted to changing environmental and disease pressures. In India, heat stress is having an increasingly negative impact on wheat yields, while in the UK losses due to drought loss cost >£60 million per year. The detrimental of heat stress in both countries is set to worsen, given current climate change scenarios for India and NW Europe. This will have serious impacts on India's wheat farming community (the majority of which grow wheat for their own consumption), as well as on UK production and global food security. Increasing global demand for wheat, coupled with factors such as the effects of climate change and the necessity for sustainable wheat production, means that investment in breeding approaches that incorporate information on wheat genetic variation ('genome-assisted' approaches) are now widely accepted as critical. However, to fully exploit such approaches, novel wheat lines which possess desirable traits not normally found in currently used varieties must first be identified and utilised. The wild relatives of wheat possess immense genetic diversity, but most of this is underutilized. Useful genetic variation can be transferred into elite wheat backgrounds from progenitor species by recreating the original natural hybridisation process that occurred 10,000 years between two wheat progenitors to create modern bread wheat. These novel wheats (called 'synthetic hexaploid wheat', SHW) inject novel genetic variation into breeding programmes aimed at developing new varieties with increased tolerance to environmental stress and other sub-optimal environmental conditions. Project aims and outcomes: This project aims to create novel SHW lines (using progenitor lines specifically selected to harbour heat stress tolerance), and use these to cross into modern Indian and UK varieties to create a large population of 1,500 progeny. This population will form the basis of a unique wheat biological resource upon which genomic-assisted approaches can be applied to investigate the novel genetic determinants of heat tolerance introduced via SHW. This will be achieved by:(1) Identifying and typing the genetic variants present in the population.(2) Using novel approaches to undertake detailed assessment of how each of the 1,500 progeny lines performs under heat stress. (3) Assessing how different genes and gene variants are expressed when exposed to heat stress. These datasets will be analysed to identify the genetic regions originating from the SHW parental lines that confer tolerance to heat stress. In this way, the project will simultaneously identify genetic markers that tag increased heat tolerance, as well as provide Indian- and UK-adapted wheat lines that express the beneficial traits. The unique position of the project partners at the interface between wheat research and breeding will be leveraged to promote rapid translation of project outcomes into national wheat breeding programmes. This project provides biological and genetic resources/tools alongside a programme of knowledge exchange and capacity building, which will aid the progress of wheat R&D and breeding in India and the UK.

背景：小麦是人类直接消费的最重要谷物，对最容易受到当前和预计未来全球粮食安全失败影响的人群至关重要。印度是世界第二大小麦生产国，而英国目前是世界上产量最高的国家之一。然而，相对狭窄的遗传基础降低了我们培育适应不断变化的环境和疾病压力的新品种的能力，从而阻碍了小麦的改良。在印度，热应激对小麦产量的负面影响越来越大，而在英国，干旱造成的损失每年高达6000万英镑。鉴于目前印度和欧洲西北部的气候变化情况，这两个国家的热应激危害将会恶化。这将对印度的小麦种植社区（其中大多数种植小麦供自己消费）以及英国的生产和全球粮食安全产生严重影响。全球对小麦的需求不断增加，再加上气候变化的影响和小麦可持续生产的必要性等因素，意味着对包含小麦遗传变异信息的育种方法（“基因组辅助”方法）的投资现在被广泛认为是至关重要的。然而，为了充分利用这些方法，必须首先确定和利用具有在目前使用的品种中通常没有的理想性状的新型小麦品系。小麦的野生近缘种具有巨大的遗传多样性，但其中大部分未得到充分利用。通过在两个小麦祖先之间重新创造10000年的原始自然杂交过程来创造现代面包小麦，可以将有用的遗传变异从祖先物种转移到精英小麦背景中。这些新型小麦（称为“合成六倍体小麦”，SHW）为育种计划注入了新的遗传变异，旨在培育对环境胁迫和其他次优环境条件具有更高耐受性的新品种。项目目标和成果：该项目旨在创造新的SHW品系（使用专门选择的耐热性祖先品系），并使用这些品种与现代印度和英国品种杂交，以创造1500个后代的大种群。这个群体将形成一个独特的小麦生物资源的基础，在此基础上，基因组辅助方法可以应用于研究通过SHW引入的耐热性的新遗传决定因素。这将通过：(1)识别和分型人群中存在的遗传变异来实现。(2)采用新颖的方法对1500个子系在热胁迫下的表现进行详细评估。(3)评估不同基因和基因变异在暴露于热应激时的表达情况。将对这些数据集进行分析，以确定源自SHW亲本系的具有耐热性的遗传区域。通过这种方式，该项目将同时确定标记耐热性增加的遗传标记，并提供表达有益性状的印度和英国适应小麦品系。将利用项目合作伙伴在小麦研究和育种之间的独特地位，促进将项目成果迅速转化为国家小麦育种计划。该项目提供生物和遗传资源/工具以及知识交流和能力建设计划，这将有助于印度和英国的小麦研发和育种进展。

项目成果

Root Hairs: An under-explored target for sustainable cereal crop production

根毛：可持续谷类作物生产的一个尚未充分探索的目标

• DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/fh2u5
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Tsang I

The Wheat Genome

小麦基因组

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38294-9_15
• 发表时间: 2024
• 作者: Cockram J

Wheat genomics and breeding: bridging the gap.

• DOI: 10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00039
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: B. Hussain;B. A. Akpınar;M. Alaux;A. Algharib;D. Sehgal;Z. Ali;Rudi Appels;G. I. Aradottir

A roadmap for gene functional characterisation in wheat

小麦基因功能表征路线图

• DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.26877v1
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Adamski N

Application of genomics-assisted breeding for generation of climate resilient crops: progress and prospects.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00563
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Kole C;Muthamilarasan M;Henry R;Edwards D;Sharma R;Abberton M;Batley J;Bentley A;Blakeney M;Bryant J;Cai H;Cakir M;Cseke LJ;Cockram J;de Oliveira AC;De Pace C;Dempewolf H;Ellison S;Gepts P;Greenland A;Hall A;Hori K;Hughes S;Humphreys MW;Iorizzo M;Ismail AM;Marshall A;Mayes S;Nguyen HT;Ogbonnaya FC;Ortiz R;Paterson AH;Simon PW;Tohme J;Tuberosa R;Valliyodan B;Varshney RK;Wullschleger SD;Yano M;Prasad M
• 通讯作者: Prasad M