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A synthetic biology approach to develop durable disease resistance in crops

开发作物持久抗病性的合成生物学方法

基本信息

批准号：
BB/M014207/1
负责人：
Sebastian Eves-Van Den Akker
金额：
$ 36.4万
依托单位：
University of Dundee
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM014207%2F1
关键词：
synthetic biology approach develop durable

项目摘要

A billion people alive today are undernourished. Crop losses due to pests and diseases are a major obstacle towards achieving global food security. In developing countries, pests and diseases account for up to half of crop losses. In developed countries, the use of pesticides, fungicides, and other chemicals for agriculture are heavily restricted due to EU directives. New, durable, sustainable, 'green' control measures are urgently needed. Plants in the field are often under simultaneous attack from many different types of pathogens. Some of these are from above ground (i.e. the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans), and some are from below ground (i.e. microscopic nematode worms that parasitise plant roots). Both types of pathogens 'inject' proteins into the plant to hi-jack plant machinery to benefit themselves and help spread infection. These proteins (known as effectors) often interact with normal crop proteins, and in some way modify them to help the pathogen. The key research questions remain:1) How do effectors modify host proteins to promote infection? 2) Do different types of pathogens target the same host proteins? 3) Can our understanding of the molecular interaction allow us to disrupt it, favouring plant immunity? I aim to determine how pathogen effectors physically interact with plant proteins in order to direct changes to the latter so that the pathogens can no-longer manipulate them. To accomplish this I propose a collaboration between the University of Dundee in Scotland and the John Innes Centre in Norwich. The University of Dundee Division of Plant sciences, together with the James Hutton Institute, aim to apply aspects of plant breeding, pathology and ecology to allow fundamental research to be readily translated to end-users. The John Innes Centre has extensive experience of structural biology, in particular in the area of plant-pathogen interactions. Bringing together these complementary institutes is vital to achieve the aims. Potential applications and benefits:The proposed work will provide a new understanding of how pathogens can manipulate and infect their host. With this understanding, the informed re-design of specific plant proteins so they can no-longer be targeted by pathogens will undermine and prevent infection. Proteins targeted by multiple pathogens are likely to be very important to successful infection. Modifying these by editing the plant DNA will help to create a durable 'green' solution to the use of pesticides against multiple different pathogens. This could help to ensure food production and security in developing and developed countries.

今天有10亿人营养不良。病虫害造成的作物损失是实现全球粮食安全的主要障碍。在发展中国家，病虫害占作物损失的一半。在发达国家，由于欧盟指令，农药、杀真菌剂和其他化学品的使用受到严格限制。迫切需要新的、持久的、可持续的、“绿色”控制措施。田间的植物经常受到许多不同类型病原体的同时攻击。其中一些来自地上（即马铃薯晚疫病病原体致病疫霉），一些来自地下（即寄生在植物根部的显微蠕虫）。这两种类型的病原体都将蛋白质“注入”植物中，劫持植物机器，以使自己受益并帮助传播感染。这些蛋白质（称为效应子）通常与正常的作物蛋白质相互作用，并以某种方式修改它们以帮助病原体。关键的研究问题仍然是：1）效应器如何修饰宿主蛋白质以促进感染？2)不同类型的病原体针对相同的宿主蛋白质吗？3)我们对分子间相互作用的理解能让我们破坏它，从而有利于植物免疫吗？我的目标是确定病原体效应物如何与植物蛋白质发生物理相互作用，以指导后者的变化，使病原体不再能够操纵它们。为了实现这一目标，我建议苏格兰的邓迪大学和诺里奇的约翰·英尼斯中心进行合作。邓迪大学植物科学部与詹姆斯赫顿研究所一起，旨在应用植物育种，病理学和生态学方面，使基础研究易于转化为最终用户。John Innes中心在结构生物学方面有着丰富的经验，特别是在植物-病原体相互作用领域。将这些相辅相成的机构聚集在一起对于实现这些目标至关重要。潜在的应用和好处：拟议的工作将提供病原体如何操纵和感染宿主的新认识。有了这种理解，对特定植物蛋白进行知情的重新设计，使它们不再成为病原体的目标，将破坏和预防感染。多种病原体靶向的蛋白质可能对成功感染非常重要。通过编辑植物DNA来修饰这些将有助于为使用杀虫剂对抗多种不同病原体创造一种持久的“绿色”解决方案。这有助于确保发展中国家和发达国家的粮食生产和安全。