The role of additive and non-additive genetic effects during animal contests in the beadlet sea anemone Actinia equina

珠海葵马葵动物竞赛中加性和非加性遗传效应的作用

• 批准号: BB/M019772/1
• 负责人: Mark Briffa
• 金额: $ 32.01万
• 依托单位: Plymouth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FM019772%2F1
• 关键词: role; additive; non; genetic; effects

Variation between individual animals in their behaviour should be influenced by their genes and by their environment. Moreover, an animal's environment should interact with its genes modifying how they are expressed outwardly in the individual's phenotype. Understanding the relative contribution of these two sources of variation is key to understanding the evolution of critical behaviours. One of the most important areas of behavioural variation among individuals is in their fighting ability, because this determines their access to critical resources. In many examples of fighting animals we see variation in aggression and from an evolutionary point of view this is a puzzle. If evolution produces selfish individuals, and high aggression lets them win resources, why do we also see meeker individuals that cannot win against aggressive opponents? A set of theoretical arguments have been made that provide explanations for why we see this range of aggressive behaviour in animal populations. But without data on interactions between genes and environments we can't gauge how well these theories match the real world. Crucially, in fighting and other situations where there is a conflict of interest, an individual's rival (and therefore it's genes) form part of that individual's environment. To fully understand the evolution of aggressive behaviour we therefore have to understand not only the direct genetic contribution to an individual's aggressive behaviour; we also have to understand how this is modified by the behaviour and ultimately the genes of its rival. This effect is known as the 'genotype-by-genotype' interaction effect and at present very little is known about this for any animal, or for any type of conflict behaviour. He we will study genotype-by-genotype interactions in sea anemones. These are very common on the coasts of the UK and they are an excellent species to work on because they reproduce asexually, meaning that we can repeatedly look at fights between different clone-lines. Their fighting behaviour, as well as the outward characters that contribute to fighting ability are well understood. In this project, we will look at genotype-by-genotype interactions, variation in aggression within and between genotypes, the effects of past experiences of fighting and the effects of the degree of relatedness of fighting rivals. In this way we aim to solve long-standing questions about the evolution of aggressive behaviour. By the end of the study we hope to be able to explain why some individuals are more aggressive than others in animals.

动物个体之间的行为差异应该受到基因和环境的影响。此外，动物的环境应该与其基因相互作用，改变它们在个体表型中的外在表达方式。理解这两个变异来源的相对贡献是理解关键行为演变的关键。个体之间行为差异的最重要领域之一是他们的战斗能力，因为这决定了他们获得关键资源的机会。在许多战斗动物的例子中，我们看到攻击性的变化，从进化的角度来看，这是一个谜。如果进化产生了自私的个体，高侵略性让他们赢得资源，为什么我们也看到温顺的个体无法战胜侵略性的对手？一系列的理论论据已经被提出来解释为什么我们在动物种群中看到这种攻击性行为。但是，如果没有基因和环境之间相互作用的数据，我们就无法衡量这些理论与真实的世界的吻合程度。至关重要的是，在争斗和其他存在利益冲突的情况下，个体的竞争对手（因此也是基因）构成了个体环境的一部分。因此，为了充分理解攻击性行为的进化，我们不仅要了解基因对个体攻击性行为的直接贡献，还必须了解这种行为是如何被其对手的行为以及最终的基因所改变的。这种效应被称为“基因型与基因型”的相互作用效应，目前对任何动物或任何类型的冲突行为都知之甚少。我们将研究海葵的基因型与基因型的相互作用。这些在英国海岸很常见，它们是一个很好的物种，因为它们是无性繁殖的，这意味着我们可以反复观察不同克隆系之间的战斗。他们的战斗行为，以及有助于战斗能力的外在特征是很好理解的。在这个项目中，我们将研究基因型与基因型之间的相互作用，基因型内和基因型之间的攻击性变化，过去战斗经验的影响以及战斗对手的相关程度的影响。通过这种方式，我们的目标是解决长期存在的关于攻击性行为演变的问题。在研究结束时，我们希望能够解释为什么动物中的一些个体比其他个体更具攻击性。

项目成果

Evidence of fostering in an internally brooding sea anemone

培育内孵海葵的证据

• DOI: 10.1111/eth.13088
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Ethology
• 影响因子: 1.7
• 作者: Lane S

Immune function and the decision to deploy weapons during fights in the beadlet anemone, Actinia equina.

小珠海葵（Actinia maquina）的免疫功能和战斗中部署武器的决定。

• DOI: 10.1242/jeb.169201
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: The Journal of experimental biology
• 作者: Lane SM

Analysis of direct and indirect genetic effects in fighting sea anemones.

对抗海葵的直接和间接遗传效应分析。

• DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz217
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
• 作者: Lane SM

The price of attack: rethinking damage costs in animal contests

• DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.01.015
• 发表时间: 2017-04-01
• 期刊: ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Lane, Sarah M.;Briffa, Mark
• 通讯作者: Briffa, Mark

What is a weapon?

什么是武器？

• DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy083
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Integrative and comparative biology
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Lane SM