PHOTORECEPTOR OPTIMISATION OF PLANT WATER USE

植物用水的光感受器优化

• 批准号: BB/N002393/1
• 负责人: Stuart Casson
• 金额: $ 53.37万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN002393%2F1
• 关键词: PHOTORECEPTOR; OPTIMISATION; PLANT; WATER; USE

A changing climate coupled with increasing population and resource use is placing a greater strain on our ability to feed the world community. Crop productivity is dependent on water availability and predicted reductions in this resource could seriously impact our Food Security. We therefore need to develop crops with improved photosynthetic performance and reduced water use. A plants performance is determined by its ability to respond to environmental signals. Light is one of the most important signals for regulating plant growth and development. It is required not only for photosynthesis but also various other processes including seed germination, stem elongation and leaf development. Transforming a light signal (direction, quality and quantity) into a response is the role of plant photoreceptors and phytochrome B, a red/far-red photoreceptor, plays a major role in many of these responses. This includes balancing photosynthetic performance with the amount of water a plant uses. Plants defective in phyB, show a trade-off with significant improvements in their water use at the expense of reductions in their photosynthetic performance. Our work has shown that phyB regulates the development of stomata on the leaf surface. Stomata are the small pores found on the surface of leaves and they are critical regulators of plant gas exchange, balancing the uptake of carbon dioxide gas, which is required for photosynthesis, in exchange for water vapour. phyB signalling determines the number of stomata that develop on a leaf, which has a direct impact on plant water use and photosynthesis. A major outcome of this proposal will be to establish the role of a phyB signalling network in regulating this process through both tissue specific and inter-tissue signalling. Modulating this phyB signalling network presents a means of manipulating the trade-off between water use and photosynthesis to generate plants with improved performance.

不断变化的气候，加上人口和资源使用的增加，对我们养活国际社会的能力造成了更大的压力。作物生产力取决于水资源的可用性，预计这一资源的减少可能会严重影响我们的粮食安全。因此，我们需要开发具有改善光合性能和减少用水的作物。植物的性能取决于其对环境信号的响应能力。光是调控植物生长发育的重要信号之一。它不仅是光合作用所必需的，而且是种子萌发、茎伸长和叶发育等各种其他过程所必需的。将光信号（方向、质量和数量）转化为响应是植物光感受器的作用，并且光敏色素B（一种红色/远红色光感受器）在许多这些响应中起主要作用。这包括平衡光合性能与植物使用的水量。phyB缺陷的植物表现出以降低光合性能为代价的用水量显著改善的权衡。我们的工作表明，phyB调节叶表面气孔的发育。气孔是在叶子表面发现的小孔，它们是植物气体交换的关键调节器，平衡光合作用所需的二氧化碳气体的吸收，以交换水蒸气。phyB信号决定了叶片上发育的气孔数量，这对植物水分利用和光合作用有直接影响。这一建议的一个主要成果将是建立一个phyB信号网络的作用，通过组织特异性和组织间的信号调节这一过程。调节这种phyB信号网络提出了一种操纵水的使用和光合作用之间的权衡，以产生具有改善的性能的植物的手段。

项目成果

Molecular control of stomatal development.

• DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170413
• 发表时间: 2018-01-31
• 期刊: The Biochemical journal
• 作者: Zoulias N;Harrison EL;Casson SA;Gray JE
• 通讯作者: Gray JE