THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHONETIC CATEGORIES

拟议的研究通过以下方式对语音学习模型进行评估 检查言语产生、言语知觉、 以及当个人接触到 用外语(L2)找到的电话。一个重要的问题 需要检验的假设是等价性分类防止 12岁以后学习第二语言的人；0岁(第二语言后期 学习者)，但不是那些在7岁之前学习第二语言的人；0 多年(早期L2学习者)，从生产类似的L2手机开始 老实说。假设L2早期而不是晚期 学习者为类似的二语音素建立了一个语音类别。作为一名 结果，拥有足够的第二语言经验的早期二语学习者将 通过实现它们来真正生产类似的L2电话 具有不同于 母语(L1)。另一方面，迟来的二语学习者则是这样做的 通过形成一种语音实现规则来产生 类似的L2手机。等价性分类不应阻止 无论是早或晚的二语学习者从建立语音 L1中没有对应的新L2电话的类别。它是 假设二语学习者早期和晚期发展不同 语音系统，因为等值分类不同 影响他们对与之相关的感觉信息的使用 类似的二语手机作为学习年龄的函数。这些 假设在13个实验的综合系列中得到验证。 它将检查自发的语音产生，快速转换 在第一语言和第二语言之间的言语产生中，模仿，加速 分类、相似比例和AX辨别。这个 研究在旨在沉淀的培训研究中达到顶峰 为类似的二语音素建立语音类别 通过听觉或运动技能训练。

The proposed research evaluates a model of speech learning by examining the changes in speech production, speech perception, and speech processing that occur when individuals are exposed to the phones found in a foreign language (L2). One important hypothesis to be tested is that equivalence classification prevents individuals who learn an L2 after the age of 12;0 years (late L2 learners), but not those who learn an L2 before the age of 7;0 years (early L2 learners), from producing similar L2 phones authentically. It is hypothesized that early but not late L2 learners establish a phonetic category for similar L2 phones. As a result, early L2 learners with sufficient L2 experience will produce similar L2 phones authentically by implementing them with a different phonetic category than their counterparts in the native language (L1). Late L2 learners, on the other hand, do so by forming a phonetic realization rule with which to produce similar L2 phones. Equivalence classification should not prevent either early or late L2 learners from establishing a phonetic category for new L2 phones which have no counterpart in L1. It is hypothesized that early and late L2 learners develop different phonetic systems because equivalence classification differentially affects their use of the sensory information associated with similar L2 phones as a function of age of learning. These hypotheses are tested in an integrated series of 13 experiments which will examine spontaneous speech production, rapid switches in speech production between L1 and L2, imitation, speeded classification, similarity scaling, and AX discrimination. The research culminates in a training study that aims to precipitate the establishment of a phonetic category for a similar L2 phone through auditory or motor skill training.