RECEPTOR MECHANISMS IN OLFACTION

嗅觉中的受体机制

• 批准号: 3216300
• 负责人: VINCENT E DIONNE
• 金额: $ 18.16万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-07-01 至 1995-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3216300
• 关键词: Urodela; Xenopus oocyte; aminoacid; biological signal transduction; chemoreceptors; chromatography; cyclic compound; egg /ovum; electrophysiology; epithelium; fresh water environment; gene expression; genetic library; hippocampus; medial olfactory area; membrane channels; membrane permeability; messenger RNA; molecular biology; molecular cloning; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; olfactions; olfactory stimulus; physical separation; radioimmunoassay; second messengers; sensory discrimination; sensory feedback; sensory thresholds; stimulus /response; voltage /patch clamp

The long-range goal of this program are to learn how vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons detect and discriminate different odors. The study will use the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus, an aquatic salamander with large cells that are well suited to patch-recording techniques. Receptor neurons will be isolated without enzymes to preserve their chemo-sensitivity, and studied using odorants which we have shown to stimulate the mudpuppy olfactory system in vivo. We have also shown that Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA prepared from olfactory tissue can become sensitive to odor molecules. We will use this expression system and molecular biological techniques to identify and characterize receptors and other elements of olfactory transduction pathways. There are four specific aims for the next program period. 1. Characterize the cellular mechanisms used for detection of amino acids and aromatic compounds in dissociated olfactory neurons. 2. Examine the basis of chemo-sensory discrimination by evaluating the sensitivity exhibited by individual olfactory neurons. 3. Determine the origin of the receptor potential, identifying the ionic conductances which underlie it and how they are modulated by chemical stimulation. 4. Identify and characterize receptors and other components of the olfactory transduction pathways by expression in oocytes of mRNA from the olfactory epithelium. The suitability of the preparations and the feasibility of the methods have been demonstrated, providing strong assurance that the study will yield useful results.

该计划的长期目标是了解脊椎动物的嗅觉 受体神经元检测并区分不同的气味。 该研究将 使用泥小狗（Necturus maculosus），一种水生蝾螈，有大 非常适合补丁记录技术的细胞。 受体神经元 将在不使用酶的情况下进行分离，以保持其化学敏感性，并且 研究使用气味剂，我们已证明这些气味剂可以刺激泥巴小狗 体内的嗅觉系统。 我们还表明，注射非洲爪蟾卵母细胞 用嗅觉组织制备的 mRNA 可以对气味变得敏感 分子。 我们将使用这个表达系统和分子生物学 识别和表征受体和其他元件的技术 嗅觉传导途径。 下一步有四个具体目标 计划期间。 1. 表征用于检测氨基酸的细胞机制 和游离嗅觉神经元中的芳香化合物。 2. 通过评估化学感应辨别的基础 单个嗅觉神经元表现出的敏感性。 3. 确定受体电位的来源，识别离子 其背后的电导以及它们如何被化学物质调节 刺激。 4. 识别和表征受体和其他成分 通过在卵母细胞中表达 mRNA 的嗅觉转导途径 嗅上皮。 制剂的适用性和方法的可行性 已得到证明，为该研究的成果提供了强有力的保证 有用的结果。