The nature of resistance to Neonectria ditissima in apple species

苹果品种对新克霉的抗性性质

• 批准号: BB/P000851/1
• 负责人: Richard Harrison
• 金额: $ 67.58万
• 依托单位: National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FP000851%2F1
• 关键词: nature; resistance; Neonectria; ditissima; apple

In the UK, land devoted to modern apple production is rising at a rate of between 7 and 10% per annum, however (similar to the global situation) the combination of more intensive planting of canker-susceptible cultivars has led to an increase in losses due to the fungal pathogen Neonectria ditissima. Problems in both in-field production (tree death and yield reduction) and post-harvest losses (due to postharvest rot), call for an innovative approach to combat this disease.Approximately 50% of apples produced in the UK are cultivars derived from two progenitor apple varieties, Cox and Gala, both of which are susceptible to fungal canker, indeed these newer varieties such as Kanzi, Rubens and Jazz are extremely susceptible to canker, which has led to large problems in orchard establishment and increasingly post-harvest losses, especially in wet years. In severe cases, in field yield decline can reduce potential pre-harvest yield by at least 25% due to loss of fruiting wood and 5% of postharvest apple crops are lost due to Neonectria infection. There is poor chemical control of canker of trees due to its systemic nature of the disease. It has been shown that the pathogen is often present in the plants from a young age (in the nursery) and that both the rootstock and the scion can be infected, but remain asymptomatic for long periods of time. Natural resistance to canker has been well documented, but extremely poorly deployed in modern rootstock or scion breeding programmes. The reasons for this can be attributed to the complex nature of resistance (making selection without molecular markers difficult), the cost of mass screening to eliminate highly susceptible individuals, different types of resistance (all of which are uncharacterised), the relatively recent re-emergence of the problem and the potentially heterogeneous nature of the pathogen. This proposal will use cutting-edge genomics approaches to identify natural plant-derived resistance to this important pathogen in both scion varieties and in rootstocks. In this project, a multi-parental population will be used to characterise resistance and a combination of targeted genome sequencing techniques and pedigree-based genotyping will be used to accurately narrow down the specific genes responsible for resistance. Once obtained, in proof of principle experiments, genes underpinning the resistance will be transferred into a susceptible cultivar, in order to validate the resistance in other genetic backgrounds. The industry are supporting this proposal through the LINK scheme, as they recognise the need for a comprehensive strategy to identify the genetic basis of disease resistance, for use in marker assisted breeding (MAB) and other breeding techniques.

在英国，用于现代苹果生产的土地以每年7%至10%的速度增长，然而（与全球情况相似），更密集种植溃疡病易感品种的组合导致了由于真菌病原体Neonectria ditissima造成的损失增加。现场生产中存在的问题（树木死亡和产量减少）和收获后损失在英国生产的大约50%的苹果品种来自两个祖先苹果品种，考克斯和加拉，这两个品种都对真菌溃疡病敏感，实际上这些新品种，如Kanzi，Rubens和Jazz极易感染溃疡病，这导致了果园建设的大问题和收获后损失的增加，特别是在潮湿的年份。在严重的情况下，在田间产量下降可以减少潜在的收获前产量至少25%，由于果实木材的损失和5%的采后苹果作物损失由于新丛赤壳菌感染。由于树木溃疡病的系统性，化学防治效果很差。已经表明，病原体通常从幼年（在苗圃中）就存在于植物中，并且砧木和接穗都可以被感染，但长时间保持无症状。对溃疡病的天然抗性已经有很好的记载，但在现代砧木或接穗育种计划中的应用非常少。其原因可归因于耐药性的复杂性（使得在没有分子标记的情况下进行选择变得困难）、消除高度易感个体的大规模筛查的成本、不同类型的耐药性（所有这些都未经表征）、相对较新的重新出现问题以及病原体的潜在异质性。该提案将使用最先进的基因组学方法来鉴定接穗品种和砧木中对这种重要病原体的天然植物来源抗性。在该项目中，将使用多亲本群体来消除抗性，并将使用靶向基因组测序技术和基于谱系的基因分型的组合来准确缩小负责抗性的特定基因。一旦获得，在原理实验证明中，支撑抗性的基因将被转移到易感品种中，以验证其他遗传背景中的抗性。该行业通过LINK计划支持这一建议，因为他们认识到需要一个全面的战略来确定抗病性的遗传基础，用于标记辅助育种（MAB）和其他育种技术。

项目成果

Identification of novel genetic regions associated with resistance to European canker in apple

鉴定与苹果抗欧洲溃疡病相关的新遗传区域

• DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.20.473552
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Karlström A

The Influence of Host Genotypes on the Endophytes in the Leaf Scar Tissues of Apple Trees and Correlation of the Endophytes with Apple Canker ( Neonectria ditissima ) Development

寄主基因型对苹果树叶痕组织内生菌的影响及其与苹果溃疡病（Neonectria ditissima）发生的相关性

• DOI: 10.1094/pbiomes-10-21-0061-r
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Phytobiomes Journal
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Papp-Rupar M

Quantitative trait loci associated with apple endophytes during pathogen infection.

病原体感染期间与苹果内生菌相关的定量性状基因座。

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1054914
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6

Additional file 1 of Identification of novel genetic regions associated with resistance to European canker in apple

附加文件 1：与苹果抗欧洲溃疡病相关的新遗传区域的鉴定

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.21184258
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Karlström A