Preventing chromosome segregation errors in anaphase

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To sustain life, cells must be able to divide into two genetically identical daughters. During cell division, chromosomes must be precisely apportioned into the two daughter cells so that all the genetic information remains intact. Although surveillance mechanisms exist to ensure the accuracy of this process, errors can occur. These errors can lead to cells with the wrong numbers of chromosomes and to birth defects, miscarriage, cancer and ageing. One of the key proteins involved in error correction is an enzyme known as Aurora B, and work from many laboratories has shown that Aurora B acts early during cell division to minimise mistakes. However, it is clear that the error correction machinery is not foolproof, and certain types of error are not detected during the early stages of cell division. The aim of this project is to understand how cells deal with persistent errors and, in particular, to determine how Aurora B regulates chromosome sorting during the late stages of cell division to make sure that accurate inheritance of genetic material is maintained.