Resistance: Understanding the impact of management agreements on reducing evolution of resistance in agriculture - sea lice management as an exemplar

抗性：了解管理协议对减少农业抗性进化的影响——以海虱管理为例

基本信息

批准号：
BB/R009309/1
负责人：
Jessica Anne Enright
金额：
$ 39.68万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR009309%2F1
关键词：
Resistance Understanding impact management agreements

项目摘要

Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are a parasite that affects the growth and performance of farmed and wild salmon, as well as decreasing their immune response, making them more susceptible to disease. Efforts to combat sea lice cost the salmon industry in Scotland an estimated £40M to control each year. Sea lice in the farmed salmon population in Scotland are managed cooperatively under agreements between managers within an area, though much of this collaboration is on a voluntary basis. Unfortunately, there are indications that sea lice are becoming resistant to current treatments, requiring managers to either increase the amount of treatment used, increase the frequency of treatment, or investigate alternative methods of integrated pest management. This bears significant extra cost and could have serious environmental consequences. In the context of this rising threat of resistance, management programs must be designed to slow the evolution of resistance, but strategic use of control agents can be complicated by the actions of other decision-makers, and by uncertainty about the levels of resistance present.Compared to terrestrial pests, little is known about how sea lice evolve resistance, but new information (under investigation by one of our team members (Dr. Sturm) under project BB/L022923/1) suggests that the mechanisms may be more complicated than expected, with at least one type of resistance transmitted only through the female line. Because of uncertainty about mechanisms of resistance, tests for resistance in sea lice are not universally reliable, and can be subject to failure if sampling of the lice is not done properly. Therefore, decision-makers managing sea lice face not only uncertainty about the actions of fellow producers, but also about the level of resistance currently present in the sea lice population.In this project, we will combine mathematical and game theoretic modelling methods with expert knowledge of sea lice and the salmon industry to build a model of sea lice evolving resistance in a setting of multiple managers making decisions about how to treat sea lice. This combination of an epidemiological model of sea lice spread with a game theoretic model of treatment use will help us understand how management agreements between managers of fish farms can impact the risk of sea lice evolving resistance to treatments, and therefore help industry bodies better build and support these management agreements. Our project team has close links to industry bodies, and includes experts in the evolution of resistance in sea lice, in game-theoretic and epidemiological modelling, in high-performance computing, and in modelling of farmed fish. Using this expertise, our project will contribute to successful sea-lice management in Scotland, impacting not only the salmon industry, but also potentially wild salmon stocks, and therefore the wider marine environment.

海许可证（Lepeophtheirus Salmonis）是一种寄生虫，会影响养殖和野生鲑鱼的生长和性能，并减少其免疫响应，使其更容易受到疾病的影响。打击海上许可证的努力使苏格兰的鲑鱼产业造成了每年4000万英镑的控制。苏格兰养殖鲑鱼人口中的海牌在一个地区的经理之间的协议下进行管理，尽管这种合作的大部分是自愿的。不幸的是，有迹象表明，海许可证正在对当前治疗有抵抗力，要求管理人员增加所使用的治疗量，增加治疗频率或研究综合害虫管理的替代方法。这承担了巨大的额外成本，可能会带来严重的环境后果。在这种抵制威胁的上升的背景下，必须设计管理计划来减缓抵抗的发展，但是对控制剂的战略使用可能会因其他决策者的行为以及对抗阻力水平的不确定性而变得复杂。表明该机制可能比预期的要复杂，至少一种仅通过女性线传输了一种类型的电阻。由于对阻力机制的不确定性，海牌中的抵抗性测试并非普遍可靠，如果未正确完成许可的采样，则可能会失败。因此，管理海上许可证的决策者不仅面临着生产者的行为的不确定性，而且还面临着目前在SEA许可证人口中存在的阻力水平。在该项目中，我们将将数学和游戏理论建模方法与海虱的专业知识与鲑鱼产业的专业知识相结合，以建立海上虱子的模型，以使多个对SEA进行待遇的管理者的抵抗模型。海虱传播的流行病学模型与游戏理论的治疗模型的这种结合将有助于我们了解养鱼养殖场管理者之间的管理协议如何影响海虱不断发展对治疗的抵抗力，从而帮助行业身体更好地建立和支持这些管理协议。我们的项目团队与行业机构有着密切的联系，其中包括海虱发展，游戏理论和流行病学建模，高性能计算以及养殖鱼类建模的专家。利用这种专业知识，我们的项目将有助于苏格兰的成功海上管理，不仅影响了鲑鱼行业，还影响了潜在的野生鲑鱼股票，因此会影响更广泛的海洋环境。