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Resistance: Understanding the impact of management agreements on reducing evolution of resistance in agriculture - sea lice management as an exemplar

抗性：了解管理协议对减少农业抗性进化的影响——以海虱管理为例

基本信息

批准号：
BB/R009309/1
负责人：
Jessica Anne Enright
金额：
$ 39.68万
依托单位：
University of Edinburgh
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR009309%2F1
关键词：
Resistance Understanding impact management agreements

项目摘要

Sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are a parasite that affects the growth and performance of farmed and wild salmon, as well as decreasing their immune response, making them more susceptible to disease. Efforts to combat sea lice cost the salmon industry in Scotland an estimated £40M to control each year. Sea lice in the farmed salmon population in Scotland are managed cooperatively under agreements between managers within an area, though much of this collaboration is on a voluntary basis. Unfortunately, there are indications that sea lice are becoming resistant to current treatments, requiring managers to either increase the amount of treatment used, increase the frequency of treatment, or investigate alternative methods of integrated pest management. This bears significant extra cost and could have serious environmental consequences. In the context of this rising threat of resistance, management programs must be designed to slow the evolution of resistance, but strategic use of control agents can be complicated by the actions of other decision-makers, and by uncertainty about the levels of resistance present.Compared to terrestrial pests, little is known about how sea lice evolve resistance, but new information (under investigation by one of our team members (Dr. Sturm) under project BB/L022923/1) suggests that the mechanisms may be more complicated than expected, with at least one type of resistance transmitted only through the female line. Because of uncertainty about mechanisms of resistance, tests for resistance in sea lice are not universally reliable, and can be subject to failure if sampling of the lice is not done properly. Therefore, decision-makers managing sea lice face not only uncertainty about the actions of fellow producers, but also about the level of resistance currently present in the sea lice population.In this project, we will combine mathematical and game theoretic modelling methods with expert knowledge of sea lice and the salmon industry to build a model of sea lice evolving resistance in a setting of multiple managers making decisions about how to treat sea lice. This combination of an epidemiological model of sea lice spread with a game theoretic model of treatment use will help us understand how management agreements between managers of fish farms can impact the risk of sea lice evolving resistance to treatments, and therefore help industry bodies better build and support these management agreements. Our project team has close links to industry bodies, and includes experts in the evolution of resistance in sea lice, in game-theoretic and epidemiological modelling, in high-performance computing, and in modelling of farmed fish. Using this expertise, our project will contribute to successful sea-lice management in Scotland, impacting not only the salmon industry, but also potentially wild salmon stocks, and therefore the wider marine environment.

海虱是一种寄生虫，会影响养殖和野生三文鱼的生长和性能，并降低它们的免疫反应，使它们更容易患病。为了抗击海虱，苏格兰的三文鱼养殖业每年估计要花费4000万英镑来控制海虱。苏格兰养殖的鲑鱼种群中的海虱是根据区域内管理者之间的协议进行合作管理的，尽管这种合作大部分是在自愿的基础上进行的。不幸的是，有迹象表明，海虱正在对当前的治疗方法产生抵抗力，这要求管理者要么增加治疗量，增加治疗频率，要么研究综合治理虫害的替代方法。这会带来巨大的额外成本，并可能产生严重的环境后果。在这种不断上升的抗性威胁的背景下，必须设计管理方案来减缓抗性的演变，但其他决策者的行动和目前抗性水平的不确定性可能会使控制剂的战略使用变得复杂。与陆地害虫相比，人们对海虱如何进化抗性知之甚少，但新的信息(由我们的团队成员之一Sturm博士在BB/L022923/1项目下调查)表明，这些机制可能比预期的更复杂，至少有一种类型的抗性只通过雌性传播线传播。由于对抗药性机制的不确定性，海虱的抗药性测试并不是普遍可靠的，如果没有正确采集虱子的样本，可能会失败。因此，管理海虱的决策者不仅面临着同行生产者行动的不确定性，而且还面临着关于海虱种群中目前存在的抗性水平的不确定性。在这个项目中，我们将结合数学和博弈论建模方法与海虱和鲑鱼产业的专业知识来建立一个海虱进化抗性的模型，该模型是在多个管理者就如何治疗海虱做出决定的背景下建立的。将海虱传播的流行病学模型与治疗使用的博弈论模型相结合，将有助于我们了解养鱼场管理者之间的管理协议如何影响海虱对治疗产生抗药性的风险，从而帮助行业组织更好地建立和支持这些管理协议。我们的项目团队与行业组织有密切联系，其中包括海虱抗药性演变、博弈论和流行病学建模、高性能计算以及养殖鱼类建模方面的专家。利用这一专业知识，我们的项目将有助于苏格兰成功地管理海虱，不仅影响三文鱼产业，还可能影响野生三文鱼种群，从而影响更广泛的海洋环境。