Rapid diagnostics and control strategies for enteric bacterial pathogens in backyard and commercial poultry production in Thailand and the Philippines

泰国和菲律宾后院和商业家禽生产中肠道细菌病原体的快速诊断和控制策略

• 批准号: BB/R013136/1
• 负责人: Paul Wigley
• 金额: $ 94.94万
• 依托单位: University of Liverpool
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR013136%2F1
• 关键词: Rapid; diagnostics; control; strategies; enteric

In many Low to Middle Income Countries (LMICs) poultry meat and eggs are produced in small scale flocks using indigenous breeds of birds. This contrasts with countries that produce meat in large commercial units using chicken strains specifically bred for use in highly controlled environmental conditions with maximal meat production in as short a time as possible. Indigenous breeds are cross-bred and produce fewer eggs and less meat than their commercial equivalent but are are an important source of food at the family or local community level. However, due to differences in regulatory practices, the use of antimicrobials (AMs) as growth promoters is prevalent which limits future commercial development and promotes the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance. The use of AMs needs to be reduced by the provision of alternative growth promoters. Commercial breeding programmes have resulted in broilers that preferentially deposit muscle (ie breast meat) over allocating proteins toward other processes, including, probably, the immune response. Under commercial conditions of good biosecurity, optimised high nutrient diets over short timescales in highly controlled conditions, commercial birds are very productive. In contrast, indigenous birds are smaller, have a lower nutrient demand and are immunologically more robust; they are however, far less productive. This combination of differing bird genetic background and nutritional requirements along with potentially different immunological responses and intestinal microflora means that poultry disease susceptibility and the potential for colonisation by zoonotic pathogens may be different in indigenous birds. We wish to determine if Indigenous breeds of poultry and modern hybrid birds differ in their genetics, gut microbiome and immunological parameters and establish if these differences associated and if they can be exploited for disease control and management. The major bacterial zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter jejuni, frequently colonise poultry and consequently present a very significant human health risk due to contamination of meat or eggs. In addition, certain types of S. enterica (the serovars Pullorum and Gallinarum) also present a disease risk to chickens, affecting the health and welfare of the flock. Our aim is to characterise the infection of an indigenous breed of chicken in backyard flocks to determine how infection modulates the composition of the bacterial community living in the chicken gut and the AM resistance genes that are present. In addition, we will characterise how the immune response of the indigenous birds responds to infection. We will use this information to develop a probiotic to competitively exclude Salmonella and/or Campylobacter and also develop a cheap and simple test for the presence of different types of Salmonella in backyard flocks. This project will provide both commercial and backyard producers with a much-needed management tool to reduce the disease burden and health risk associated with poultry products.

在许多低收入和中等收入国家，家禽肉和蛋是用本地品种的家禽小规模生产的。这与那些在大型商业单位中使用鸡种生产肉类的国家形成了鲜明对比，这些鸡种是专门为在高度受控的环境条件下使用而培育的，可以在尽可能短的时间内实现最大的肉类产量。土著品种是杂交品种，产蛋和产肉比商业同类品种少，但却是家庭或当地社区一级的重要食物来源。然而，由于监管实践的差异，使用抗菌剂（AM）作为生长促进剂是普遍的，这限制了未来的商业发展，并促进了抗菌剂耐药性的传播和维持。需要通过提供替代生长促进剂来减少AM的使用。商业化的育种计划导致肉鸡优先存款肌肉（即胸肉），而不是分配蛋白质用于其他过程，包括，可能，免疫反应。在良好的生物安全的商业条件下，在高度控制的条件下，在短时间内优化高营养饮食，商业鸟类是非常多产的。相比之下，本地鸟类体型较小，营养需求较低，免疫力更强;然而，它们的生产力要低得多。不同的鸟类遗传背景和营养需求沿着潜在不同的免疫反应和肠道微生物菌群的组合意味着家禽疾病易感性和人畜共患病病原体定殖的可能性在土著鸟类中可能不同。我们希望确定本地家禽品种和现代杂交鸟类在遗传学、肠道微生物组和免疫学参数方面是否存在差异，并确定这些差异是否相关，以及它们是否可以用于疾病控制和管理。主要的细菌性人畜共患病病原体，肠道沙门氏菌和空肠弯曲杆菌，经常定植在家禽中，因此，由于肉或蛋的污染，对人类健康构成非常重大的风险。此外，某些类型的S.肠杆菌（血清型鸡白痢和鸡白痢）也对鸡存在疾病风险，影响鸡群的健康和福利。我们的目的是检测后院鸡群中本地品种鸡的感染，以确定感染如何调节鸡肠道中细菌群落的组成和存在的AM抗性基因。此外，我们亦会研究本地雀鸟对感染病毒的免疫反应。我们将利用这些信息来开发一种益生菌，以竞争性地排除沙门氏菌和/或弯曲杆菌，并开发一种廉价而简单的测试方法，以检测后院鸡群中不同类型的沙门氏菌的存在。该项目将为商业和后院生产者提供急需的管理工具，以减少与家禽产品相关的疾病负担和健康风险。