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An integrated genomics/genetics approach for development of mungbean varieties with improved disease resistance

开发抗病性更高的绿豆品种的综合基因组学/遗传学方法

基本信息

批准号：
BB/R019827/1
负责人：
Konstantin Kanyuka
金额：
$ 51.68万
依托单位：
Rothamsted Research
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR019827%2F1
关键词：
integrated genomics genetics approach development

项目摘要

Pulses, are edible grains (seeds) of leguminous crops i.e. peas, beans and lentils, and are a staple food source for the majority of India's 1.3 billion people. Pulses are a main source of non-meat protein in the diet for approximately 1/3 of the Indian population, with demand growing due to the expanding Indian population. Pulses have a high protein content (23%), are also rich in dietary fibre, B vitamins, and minerals, particularly iron, potassium, magnesium and zinc, and are low in fat. Despite being high in iron, iron-induced anaemia has remained a top cause of disability in India for the past decade. Therefore, pulses offer significant nutritional and health benefits that supplement wheat and rice based diets of the poor, including the vegetarian populations of India and other countries across Asia. Like other legumes, pulse crops are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through their symbiotic association of specialized root bacteria that can improving soil fertility (green manure) for subsequent crops that contribute to the higher yields of succeeding cereal crops such as wheat or rice, thus reducing fertilizer requirements and thus impact on the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emission and water pollution. Mungbean, is one the most important pulse crops grown and consumed in India. Locally it is known as green gram, and is an ancient crop that was domesticated in India some 3,5 million years ago, and currently ranks third among all pulses grown within India after chickpeas and pigeonpeas. It is a versatile crop that only takes 60-65 days to harvest; in addition, mungbeans are not only grown for their seeds but also as forage (fodder for cattle). However, demand for mungbean, in India significantly exceeds current Indian production levels, where India now directly imports mungbean to meet its demand. And although high yielding mungbean varieties are available, lack of productivity has contributed to Indian food insecurity (the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food) and malnutrition of the poorest populations. Indian farmers generally see less than half of the mungbean yield potential of these higher yielding varieties, which is often due to the yield reducing mungbean diseases that include Cercospora leaf spot and powdery mildew. Therefore, this collaborative project of partners based in India (BHU and OUAT) and RRes will tackle the these two most economically damaging fungal diseases. We will take an integrated approach that will involve the most up to date genetics (study of genetic variation) and genomics (study of genetic material) tools will be employed to aid development of new mungbean varieties that have improved disease resistance. We will characterise the genetic composition using DNA sequencing technology of both the fungal pathogens responsible for these diseases and mungbean varieties that will allow us to pinpoint the regions of the DNA that contribute for pathogenicity (causes disease) and for disease resistance of the pathogens and the plant, respectively. Using this knowledge, we will use state of the art biotechnology tools to engineer broad spectrum, and likely durable disease resistance into new varieties. Therefore, the results of this project will provide us a wealth of novel fundamental information on how the disease-causing fungus interacts with the mungbean plant, will help inform the best disease management strategies and help plant breeders to produce disease resistant mungbean varieties.

豆类是豆科作物的可食用谷物（种子），即豌豆，豆类和小扁豆，是印度13亿人口中大多数人的主食来源。豆类是约三分之一印度人口饮食中非肉类蛋白质的主要来源，由于印度人口的不断扩大，需求不断增长。豆类蛋白质含量高（23%），还富含膳食纤维、B族维生素和矿物质，特别是铁、钾、镁和锌，脂肪含量低。尽管铁含量很高，但铁引起的贫血在过去十年中仍然是印度残疾的主要原因。因此，豆类提供了重要的营养和健康益处，补充了穷人的小麦和大米饮食，包括印度和亚洲其他国家的素食人口。与其他豆类作物一样，豆类作物能够通过其特殊根细菌的共生关系固定大气中的氮，这些根细菌可以为随后的作物提高土壤肥力（绿色肥料），从而有助于随后的谷类作物（如小麦或水稻）的更高产量，从而减少肥料需求，从而通过减少温室气体排放和水污染来影响环境。绿豆是印度最重要的豆类作物之一。在当地，它被称为绿色克，是一种古老的作物，大约350万年前在印度驯化，目前在印度种植的所有豆类中排名第三，仅次于鹰嘴豆和木豆。它是一种用途广泛的作物，只需60-65天即可收获;此外，绿豆不仅是种子，也是饲料（牛的饲料）。然而，印度对绿豆的需求大大超过了印度目前的生产水平，印度现在直接进口绿豆来满足其需求。虽然有高产的绿豆品种，但缺乏生产力导致了印度的粮食不安全（无法可靠地获得足够数量的负担得起的营养食品）和最贫困人口的营养不良。印度农民通常认为这些高产品种的绿豆产量潜力不到一半，这通常是由于包括尾孢叶斑病和白粉病在内的绿豆减产疾病。因此，印度合作伙伴（BHU和OUAT）和RRes的这个合作项目将解决这两种最具经济破坏性的真菌疾病。我们将采取一种综合的方法，将涉及最新的遗传学（遗传变异的研究）和基因组学（遗传物质的研究）工具，将被用来帮助开发新的绿豆品种，提高抗病性。我们将使用DNA测序技术对导致这些疾病的真菌病原体和绿豆品种的遗传组成进行分析，这将使我们能够分别确定病原体和植物的致病性（导致疾病）和抗病性的DNA区域。利用这些知识，我们将使用最先进的生物技术工具来设计广谱的、可能持久的抗病性的新品种。因此，该项目的结果将为我们提供关于致病真菌如何与绿豆植物相互作用的丰富的新的基本信息，将有助于为最佳的疾病管理策略提供信息，并帮助植物育种家生产抗病绿豆品种。