Antimicrobial resistance in Brazilian pig and poultry production and its contribution to the success of Salmonella serotypes

在牲畜中发现的细菌的抗微生物药物耐药性对动物和人类的健康构成严重威胁；牲畜中的耐药感染也有重大的经济影响。肠沙门氏菌是猪和家禽中最重要的细菌病原体之一，被认为是人类感染的两个主要宿主。巴西是世界上最大的猪肉和鸡肉生产国和出口国之一，这些行业是该国经济的重要贡献者。在过去10年中，这些生产系统发生了变化，包括在家禽中大规模强化和引入肠炎沙门氏菌疫苗，导致巴西从猪和家禽中观察到的沙门氏菌血清型流行率发生了巨大变化。这些变化可能是由抗菌素使用和耐药性驱动的，但这一问题尚未得到充分调查。我们在提案中概述的研究将调查过去10年来从巴西猪和家禽中分离的沙门氏菌中AMR决定因素的多样性和进化。我们将使用全基因组测序和最先进的长读测序，结合分子生物学和流行病学来探索AMR在这些人群中不同沙门氏菌血清型成功中的作用。该提案代表了英国Quadram生物科学研究所（QIB）的Mather博士与<s:1>圣保罗大学（USP）的Moreno博士以及USP的合作者Terezinha博士Knöbl和Luisa Moreno博士之间的一项新合作。这项研究将解决AMR对巴西牲畜物种造成的巨大健康和经济威胁，这将有助于确定在哪些地方可以最有效地应用合适的控制策略。

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria found in livestock represent a grave threat to the health of both animals and humans; resistant infections in livestock also have a significant economic impact. Salmonella enterica is one of the most important bacterial pathogens in pigs and poultry, which are thought to be two of the major reservoirs for human infections. Brazil is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of pig and chicken meat, and these industries are significant contributors to the country's economy. Change in these production systems over the last 10 years, including massive intensification and introduction of a Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine in poultry, have led to dramatic shifts in the Salmonella serotype prevalence observed from pigs and poultry in Brazil. These shifts are probably driven by antimicrobial use and resistance, but this issue has not been fully investigated. The research outlined in our proposal will investigate the diversity and evolution of AMR determinants in Salmonella isolated from Brazilian pigs and poultry over the last 10 years. We will use whole genome sequencing, and state-of-the-art long read sequencing, combined with molecular biology and epidemiology to explore the role of AMR in the success of different Salmonella serotypes in these populations. This proposal represents a new collaboration between Dr Mather at Quadram Institute Bioscience (QIB) in the UK, and Dr Moreno at the University of São Paulo (USP), along with collaborators Dr Terezinha Knöbl and Dr Luisa Moreno at USP. This research will tackle the huge health and economic threat posed by AMR to Brazilian livestock species, which will help identify where suitable control strategies could be applied most effectively.