USE OF PLANT CELL CULTURE TO STUDY GENETIC VARIATION

利用植物细胞培养研究遗传变异

• 批准号: 3249533
• 负责人: KARL Gordon LARK
• 金额: $ 9.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1977
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1977-04-01 至 1988-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3249533
• 关键词: Leguminoseae; antimetabolites; cell fusion; cell transformation; endonuclease; environmental adaptation; environmental toxicology; fatty acid metabolism; frameshift mutation; gene complementation; genetic mapping; genetic markers; genetically modified plants; heterozygote; homozygote; hybrid cells; lethal genes; linkage mapping; molecular cloning; monoclonal antibody; nitrogen metabolism; nucleic acid probes; nucleic acid sequence; plant genetics; plants; point mutation; protoplast /spheroplast; purine /pyrimidine metabolism; regulatory gene; scintillation counter; structural genes; temperature sensitive mutant; tissue /cell culture

Plants are ideally suited to study the genetic response of higher eukaryotes to environmental change. Somatic cell genetics will be used to study the ability of soybean: (A) to utilize allantoin as a sole source of nitrogen and (B) to develop cellular resistance to heavy metals or inhibitors of fatty acid or pyrimidine biosynthesis. The proposal is divided into three sections: 1) The development of a system of somatic cell genetics which is partially completed as a result of past work; 2) The isolation and genetic analysis of structural and regulatory mutants defective, or altered, in allantoin metabolism; 3) The genetic analysis of resistance to the inhibitors: Cerulenin, Cadmium and PALA. For the first three years, labor intensive work will concentrate on developing a somatic genetic mapping system, which will include: markers for identifying chromosomes (isozymes, monoclonal antibodies, and DNA polymorphisms); a set of marker cell lines, including monosomics lacking specific chromosomes and haploid lines carrying insertions for resistance to the antibiotic G-418; and mapping by fusion followed by chromosome loss induced by the carbamate derivative, CIPC. Two additional projects will assume increasing importance and occupy most of the effort of the last two years. The genetic analysis of allantoin utilization will use the somatic genetic system to isolate and map the structural and regulatory genes involved in this pathway of nitrogen utilization. Expression of yeast genes in soybean will be attempted (and vice versa). Resistance of Cadmium, Cerulenin, or PALA will be studied as models for the selection of quantitative traits which may reflect the selection of cellular resistance, eventually expressed as resistance of the entire plants.

植物非常适合研究较高的遗传反应 真核生物环境变化。 体细胞遗传学将用于 研究大豆的能力：（a）利用Allantoin作为唯一的来源 氮和（b）发展出对重金属或 脂肪酸或嘧啶生物合成的抑制剂。 该提议分为三个部分：1） 体细胞遗传学系统，由于 过去的工作； 2）结构和遗传分析的结构和遗传分析 在艾兰托因代谢中有缺陷或改变的调节突变体； 3） 对抑制剂抗性的遗传分析：cerulenin，镉和 帕拉。 在最初的三年中，劳动密集型工作将集中于 开发一个躯体遗传学映射系统，其中包括：标记 用于鉴定染色体（同工酶，单克隆抗体和DNA 多态性）；一组标记细胞系，包括缺乏单色组学 特定的染色体和单倍体线，载有电阻的插入 抗生素G-418;并通过融合映射，然后染色体损失 由氨基甲酸酯衍生物CIPC诱导。 另外两个项目将越来越重要，并且占据了大多数项目 过去两年的努力。 阿兰托素的遗传分析 利用率将使用躯体遗传系统隔离和映射 与这种氮途径有关的结构和调节基因 利用率。 将尝试在大豆中表达酵母基因（并且 反之亦然）。 将研究镉，cerulenin或pala的耐药性 选择定量性状的模型，这可能反映 选择细胞抗性，最终表示为 整个植物。