PREDICTION OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS RISK BY BIOASSAYS

通过生物测定预测尘肺病风险

• 批准号: 3251497
• 负责人: THOMAS J SMITH
• 金额: $ 17.54万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-01-01 至 1988-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3251497
• 关键词: X ray crystallography; air pollution; air sampling /monitoring; atomic absorption spectrometry; bioassay; cytolysis; diagnosis quality /standard; disease /disorder proneness /risk; dust; emission spectrometry; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; inflammation; lung lavage; occupational disease /disorder; particle; peptidases; phagocytosis; pneumoconiosis; pollution related respiratory disorder; pulmonary edema; pulmonary fibrosis /granuloma; respiratory disorder diagnosis; respiratory function; respiratory toxin; scanning electron microscopy

Our goal is to test the hypothesis that short term bioassays have predictive powers for the risk of pneumoconiosis in man. This type of testing is important for evaluating exposures to new and complex dusts where pneumoconiosis risk is not known. While epidemiology is the primary method for assessing these risks, it is slow, expensive, requires large populations and may therefore not be feasible for new processes and materials. The project has three parts: l) Two air sampling techniques, high volume filtration and electrostatic precipitation, both with cyclone precollectors, will be evaluated for collecting bulk samples of respirable dust for bioassays; 2) A set of bioassays will be calibrated with a group of six pure or standardized materials that represent the full range of pneumoconiosis risks: iron oxide (lowest risk), talc, alpha-quartz, cristobalite (highest risk), and two NIOSH standardized coal dusts from Utah and Pennsylvania (intermediate risk). Samples of respirable particles will be given to hamsters by intratracheal instillation, and pulmonary lavage will be performed to determine: inflammatory response, proteolytic activity, fibrogenesis stimulation, cell damage, alteration in macrophage phagocytic activity and edema; 3) Respirable dust samples representative of worker exposures to complex dusts in Vermont talc and granite operations (stable for the past 15 years) will be collected and assayed to determine if the pattern of biological responses correlates with the risk of pneumoconiosis found by recent epidemiological studies. Personal samples will be collected on workers to verify that the composition and particle size distribution of the collected bulk dust is representative of worker exposures. The purpose of the three parts is to calibrate a test system and correlate it with human risk, rather than to develop an exact model of occupational lung disease. Our preliminary research has already demonstrated the feasibility of collecting and assaying occupational dusts.

我们的目标是检验短期生物测定具有 预测人类患肺尘埃沉着病的风险。这种类型的 测试对于评估新的和复杂的粉尘的暴露是重要的 那里的肺尘埃沉着病风险尚不清楚。 虽然流行病学是 评估这些风险的方法，它是缓慢的，昂贵的，需要大量的 人口，因此可能不适用于新工艺， 材料. 该项目有三个部分：l）两种空气采样技术， 高容量过滤和静电除尘，均配有旋风分离器 将对预收集器进行评估，以收集可吸入的 用于生物测定的粉尘; 2）一组生物测定将用一组 由六种纯或标准化材料组成，代表了 尘肺风险：氧化铁（风险最低），滑石，α-石英， 方石英（最高风险）和两个NIOSH标准化煤尘， 犹他州和宾夕法尼亚州（中等风险）。 可吸入颗粒物样本 将通过腹膜内滴注给予仓鼠， 将进行灌洗以确定：炎症反应、蛋白水解 活性，纤维形成刺激，细胞损伤，巨噬细胞改变 吞噬活性和水肿; 3）代表 佛蒙特州滑石和花岗岩作业中工人暴露于复合粉尘 （过去15年稳定）将被收集和分析，以确定 如果生物反应的模式与 最近流行病学研究发现的尘肺病。 个人样本 将收集工人，以验证组成和颗粒， 收集到的大量粉尘的粒度分布是工人的代表 暴露。 这三个部分的目的是校准测试系统 并将其与人类风险联系起来，而不是开发一个精确的模型， 职业性肺病 我们的初步研究已经 证明了收集和分析职业粉尘的可行性。