NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF PRIMATE VISION

灵长类动物视觉的神经生理学

• 批准号: 3256901
• 负责人: PETER GOURAS
• 金额: $ 23.14万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1983
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1983-12-01 至 1986-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3256901
• 关键词: color visions; electrophysiology; electroretinography; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; psychophysics; retinal ganglion; sequential perception; superior colliculus; vision; visual feedback; visual photoreceptor; visual stimulus

This is a continuation of a long term project to understand the cellular basis of primate vision, and especially color vision, by studying the electrical responses of single cells in the retina and at higher levels of the visual system in monkeys. The current research attempts to understand what information is transmitted to visual cortex by each of a relatively small number of parallel retinal and subsequently retinogeniculate channels which subserve each unit area of visual space. The experiments will use visual stimuli in which spectral (wavelength) and effective energy (brightness) contrast can be independently controlled and in which the spatio-temporal properties of these stimuli can be varied in a sophisticated manner. The experiments will determine what class of stimuli are most effective for each of at least three separate classes of retinal ganglion cells: one class subserving the short wave sensitive cone mechanism and at least two quite different classes of cells subserving the other two cone mechanisms in primate retina, a so called phasic (Y-like) system which shows no over opponent interactions between these two cone mechanisms and a second so called tonic (X-like) system which often shows such opponent interactions. The experiments can ultimately lead to visual stimuli that activate each of these retinal channels exclusively of the other two. This can produce new approaches to decipher the ultimate targets and function of these subsystems in higher visual centers and to a better understanding of the mechanisms of color vision. The research will attempt to show unequivocally that the Hering-like opponent color model of color vision does not exist at the retino-geniculate pathway. Intracellular experiments will also be performed on retinal cells in order to understand the presynaptic circuitry that produces this parallel system of functionally different ganglion cells. The information from both sets of experiments can lead to new ways of identifying and examining the function of these parallel visual pathways in human subjects and patients by psychophysical and electrophysiological techniques.

这是一个长期项目的延续，以了解细胞 通过研究灵长类动物视觉的基础，尤其 视网膜中单细胞和更高水平的单细胞的电响应 猴子中的视觉系统。 当前的研究试图了解 每个相对的信息都将哪些信息传输到视觉皮层 少量的平行视网膜和随后的视网膜生成通道 这对视觉空间的每个单位区域进行了。 实验将使用 视觉刺激在其中光谱（波长）和有效能量 （亮度）对比可以独立控制，其中 这些刺激的时空特性可以在A中变化 精致的方式。 实验将确定哪些类别的刺激 对于至少三个单独的视网膜类别中最有效 神经节细胞：一个级别属于短波敏感锥体 机制和至少两个完全不同的细胞属性类别 灵长类动物视网膜中的其他两个锥体机制，一种所谓的Phasic（类似Y） 系统在这两个锥之间没有对手相互作用的系统 机制和第二个所谓的滋补系统（X样系统）通常显示 这样的对手互动。 实验最终会导致视觉 仅激活这些视网膜通道的刺激 另外两个。 这可以产生新的方法来破译最终 这些子系统在较高的视觉中心的目标和功能 更好地了解色觉的机制。 研究将 试图明确表明类似遗产的对手颜色模型 在视网膜生成的途径中，色觉不存在。 细胞内实验也将在视网膜细胞上按顺序进行 了解产生这种平行系统的突触前电路 功能上不同的神经节细胞。 两组的信息 实验可以导致识别和检查的新方法 这些平行视觉途径在人类受试者和患者中的功能 通过心理物理和电生理技术。