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Exploitation of interspecific signals to deter oviposition by spotted-wing drosophila

利用种间信号阻止斑翅果蝇产卵

基本信息

批准号：
BB/S005994/1
负责人：
Michelle Fountain
金额：
$ 48.34万
依托单位：
National Institute of Agricultural Botany
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FS005994%2F1
关键词：
Exploitation interspecific signals deter oviposition

项目摘要

The worldwide invasive fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as spotted wing drosophila (SWD), has spread from Southeast Asia in recent years, causing damage to fruit crops in many countries. The fly was first detected in the UK in Southern England (2012) and its population has subsequently increased and spread north, causing loss of fruit estimated at £20-£30 million pa. All four berry crops are affected (raspberry, strawberry, blueberry and blackberry), in addition to stone fruit (especially cherries). The threat caused by SWD means that many growers are forced to apply increased numbers of applications of insecticides. This strategy is not sustainable for the long term: there are already restrictions aimed at minimizing insecticide residues in fresh produce and preventing the emergence of resistance. Spraying insecticides also compromises the management programmes that growers follow to control other pests, which often include using beneficial natural enemies to reduce pest populations to acceptable levels. In this three-year research project, we will exploit the strong natural interspecific interactions between SWD and its sister species within the Drosophila melanogaster species group to develop a novel approach to control of the pest. The project will identify new chemical oviposition deterrents that can be applied within the cropping area to deter fruit damage by SWD as a new component of IPM strategies.The existence of these interspecific oviposition deterrents and their effects on SWD have been demonstrated in our recent experiments. Egg-laying (oviposition behaviour) by SWD was very strongly inhibited following previous exposure of the substrate (fruit or artificial media) to egg-laying by D. melanogaster. Even low numbers of D. melanogaster (five mated females) had strong and persistent inhibitory effects on SWD, with 87% fewer SWD eggs deposited on the substrate that was previously exposed to D. melanogaster, compared with unexposed substrates. This suggests that SWD detect a chemical signal released by D. melanogaster and that this chemical communication between the species results in very strong inhibition of egg laying by the pest.In this research programme, we will investigate which stage of D. melanogaster (adults or eggs) releases the chemical signals that are responsible for reducing egg-laying by SWD. We will extract the active chemicals from D. melanogaster (and other Drosophila species if these prove to be more effective) and apply the signals (without D. melanogaster individuals present) to egg-laying substrates to demonstrate that the chemical alone is responsible for deterring SWD. We will investigate how SWD detect the active chemical and show whether this is via smell (of relatively volatile chemicals) or taste (non-volatile), by investigating responses of flies that have sense organs missing (removed surgically) or not working (due to genetic modification). This will identify the sense organs responsible for the detection of the chemical deterrent (e.g. the antennae or the mouthparts). We will also record electrical responses of these sense organs to components of extracts that have been separated out (e.g. using chromatography techniques). Combined with other analytical chemistry techniques, we will identify the chemical structure of the active chemical signal for synthesis in the laboratory. Behavioural and electrophysiological effects on SWD will be tested to confirm egg laying deterrent activity, initially, in small-scale lab studies and then in the field on raspberry and strawberry crops. In consultation with growers and representatives from industry, we will design new approaches to pest management that include deploying oviposition deterrents. This research programme will therefore lead to the discovery of new scientifically valuable information on insect signalling and the implementation of new approaches to crop protection.

世界范围内的入侵性水果害虫铃木果蝇（Drosophila suzukii），俗称斑翅果蝇（SWD），近年来从东南亚扩散，对多个国家的水果作物造成危害。该蝇最早于2012年在英国英格兰南部被发现，随后其种群数量增加并向北扩散，每年造成的水果损失估计为2000万至3000万英镑。所有四种浆果作物（乌藨子、草莓、蓝莓和黑莓）都受到影响，核果类水果（特别是樱桃）也受到影响。SWD造成的威胁意味着许多种植者被迫增加杀虫剂的使用次数。这一战略无法长期持续：已经有限制措施旨在尽量减少新鲜农产品中的杀虫剂残留并防止抗药性的出现。喷洒杀虫剂还会损害种植者为控制其他害虫而遵循的管理计划，其中通常包括使用有益的天敌将害虫种群减少到可接受的水平。在这项为期三年的研究计划中，我们将利用SWD与其果蝇种组中的姊妹种之间的强烈自然种间相互作用，开发一种新的方法来控制害虫。本项目将确定新的化学产卵抑制剂，可以应用于种植区域内，以防止水果的损害，作为一个新的组成部分，SWD的IPM strategies. These种间产卵抑制剂的存在和它们对SWD的影响已在我们最近的实验中得到证实。SWD的产卵（产卵行为）受到非常强烈的抑制后，先前暴露的基板（水果或人工媒体）产卵的D。黑腹菌即使是少量的D。黑腹果蝇（5只交配雌体）对SWD有强烈和持久的抑制作用，在先前暴露于D的基质上沉积的SWD卵减少了87%。黑腹，与未暴露的基板相比。这表明SWD检测到了D.在本研究计划中，我们将探讨黑腹果蝇的产卵期，以及它们与黑腹果蝇之间的化学通讯对黑腹果蝇产卵的抑制作用。黑腹果蝇（成虫或卵）释放化学信号，导致SWD减少产卵。我们将从D.黑腹果蝇（和其他果蝇物种，如果这些被证明是更有效的）和应用信号（没有D。存在的黑腹个体）与产卵基质的关系，以证明单独的化学物质是阻止SWD的原因。我们将研究SWD如何检测活性化学物质，并通过调查感觉器官缺失（手术切除）或不工作（由于基因改造）的苍蝇的反应来显示这是通过嗅觉（相对挥发性化学物质）还是味觉（非挥发性）。这将确定负责检测化学威慑物的感觉器官（例如触角或口器）。我们还将记录这些感觉器官对已分离出的提取物组分的电反应（例如使用色谱技术）。结合其他分析化学技术，我们将确定活性化学信号的化学结构，以便在实验室进行合成。将测试对SWD的行为和电生理影响，以确认产卵抑制活性，最初，在小规模的实验室研究中，然后在树莓和草莓作物上进行田间试验。在与种植者和行业代表协商后，我们将设计新的害虫管理方法，包括部署产卵抑制剂。因此，这一研究方案将导致发现关于昆虫信号的新的有科学价值的信息，并实施新的作物保护方法。