PSYCHOPHYSICS OF READING: NORMAL AND LOW VISION

阅读的心理物理学：正常视力和低视力

• 批准号: 3257238
• 负责人: GORDON E LEGGE
• 金额: $ 8.01万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-09-01 至 1986-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3257238
• 关键词: human subject; psychophysics; reading; sequential perception; vision aid; vision disorders; visual photosensitivity; visual stimulus

We will measure how reading by observers with normal and low vision depends on the stimulus properties of text. The stimulus properties of text that are necessary for normal observers to read are defined to be the visual requirements of reading. Our research has three primary goals: 1) to measure the visual requirements of reading under conditions that are relevant to low vision; 2) to develop simple tests of visual capacity that can predict reading performance of low-vision observers; and 3) to discover the influence on reading performance of stimulus properties, opthalmic disorder, acuity deficit and field loss for low-vision observers. We will use psychophusical methods in five series of exerpiments. First we will discover the visual requirements of normal reading, with special emphasis on contract and spatial frequency. We will also measure the visual requirements of letter, word, and picture recognition. Secondly, we will seek to develop improved means for measuring contrast sensitivity, based on recognition rather than detection, to quantify the visual capacityes of low-vision observers. Thirdly, we will determine whether recognition tests of contrast sensitivity and knowledge of the visual requirements of normal reading can be used together to predict reading performance of low-vision observers. Fourthly, we will measure effects of several special factors of low-vision reading--glare, contrast reversal, wavelength, and defocus. Finally, we will test hyptheses that attempt to explain psychphysical properties of reading in terms of known properties of pattern vision. The research will be useful in three ways: 1) improved uonderstanding of the sensory constrains of normal reading; 2) the development of systematic techniques for testing low-vision capacity, with the aim of specifying image properties required of an appropriate reading aid; and 3) in establishing necessary stimulusl characteristics for new low-vision reading aids.

我们将测量正常视力和低视力观察者的阅读依赖程度 关于文本的刺激属性。文本的刺激特性 是正常观察者阅读所必需的，被定义为视觉 阅读要求。我们的研究有三个主要目标：1) 在以下条件下测量阅读的视觉要求 与低视力有关；2)开发简单的视觉能力测试， 可以预测低视力观察者的阅读成绩；以及3)发现 眼科刺激特性对阅读成绩的影响 低视力观察者的视力障碍、视力下降和视野丧失。我们会 在五个系列的锻炼中使用精神医学方法。首先，我们会 发现正常阅读的视觉要求，并特别强调 关于合同和空间频率。我们还将测量视觉 对字母、单词和图片识别的要求。其次，我们将 寻求开发改进的对比敏感度测量方法，基于 识别而不是检测，以量化视觉能力 低视力观察者。第三，我们将确定识别测试是否 对比度敏感度和对正常的视觉要求的了解 阅读可以结合起来预测低视力者的阅读表现 观察者。第四，我们将衡量几个特殊因素的影响 低视力阅读--眩光、对比度反转、波长和散焦。 最后，我们将测试那些试图解释心理生理的假设。 根据图案视觉的已知特性进行阅读的特性。这个 研究将在三个方面有用：1)改善对 正常阅读的感觉制约；2)系统化阅读的发展 测试低视力能力的技术，目的是指定 适当的阅读辅助工具所需的图像属性；以及3)在 为新的低视力阅读建立必要的刺激特征 爱滋病。