Psychophysics of Reading - Normal and Low Vision

阅读的心理物理学 - 正常和低视力

• 批准号: 9040944
• 负责人: GORDON E LEGGE
• 金额: $ 32.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1979
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1979-09-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9040944
• 关键词: Accounting; American; Attention; Auditory; Behavior; Blindness; Books; Caring; Central Scotomas; Characteristics; Clinical Research; Color; Communities; Computers; Contrast Sensitivity; Dependence; Development; Devices; Ecology; Education; Electronics; Employment; Eye; Family; Galaxy; Goals; Government; Guidelines; Habits; Health; Individual; Internet; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Finding; Length; Letters; Life; Macular degeneration; Mainstreaming; Maps; Marshal; Measures; Methods; Optics; Paper; Participant; Patients; Perceptual learning; Performance; Peripheral; Play; Policies; Printing; Production; Progress Reports; Property; Protocols documentation; Psychophysics; Reader; Reading; Recreation; Reporting; Research; Resources; Role; Self-Help Devices; Social Interaction; Surveys; Tactile; Technology; Testing; Text; Time; Training; Translating; Uncertainty; United States National Institutes of Health; Validation; Vision; Vision research; Visual; Visual impairment; Work; abstracting; analog; base; design; digital; essays; falls; handheld mobile device; improved; innovation; invention; large print; literate; meetings; reading difficulties; sound; symposium; tool; vision science

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Psychophysics of Reading - Normal and Low Vision Abstract Reading difficulty is one of the most disabling consequences of vision loss for five million Americans with low vision. Difficulty in accessing print imposes obstacles to education, employment, social interaction and recreation. The ongoing transition to the production and distribution of digital documents brings about new opportunities for people with visual impairment. Digital documents on computers and mobile devices permit easy manipulation of print size, contrast polarity, font, page layout and other attributes of text. In short, we now hae unprecedented opportunities to adapt text format to meet the needs of visually impaired readers. In recent years, our laboratory and others in the vision-science community have made major strides in understanding the impact of different forms of low vision on reading, and the dependence of reading performance on key text properties such as character size and contrast. But innovations in reading technology have outstripped our knowledge about low-vision reading. A major gap still exists in translating these laboratory findings into methods for customizing text displays for people with low vision. The broad aim of the current proposal is to apply our knowledge about the impact of vision impairment on reading to provide tools and methods for enhancing reading accessibility in the modern world of digital reading technology. Our research plan has three specific goals: 1) To develop and validate an electronic version of the MNREAD test of reading vision, to extend this technology to important text variables in addition to print size, and to develop methods for customizing the selection of text properties for low-vision readers. MNREAD is the most widely used test of reading in vision research and was originally developed in our laboratory with NIH support. 2) To investigate the ecology of low-vision reading in order to better understand how modern technologies, such as iPad and Kindle are being used by people with low vision. We plan to evaluate the feasibility of using internet methods to survey low-vision individuals concerning their reading behavior and goals, and of collecting approximate measures of visual function over the internet. We also plan to develop an "accessibility checker" to help low-vision computer users and their families to evaluate the accessibility of specific text displays. 3) To enhance reading accessibility by developing methods for enlarging the visual span (the number of adjacent letters that can be recognized without moving the eyes). A reduced visual span is thought to be a major factor limiting reading in low vision, especially for people with central-field loss from macular degeneration. We have already demonstrated methods for enlarging the visual span in peripheral vision. We plan to develop a more effective perceptual training method for enlarging the visual span, with the goal of improving reading performance for people with central-vision loss.

描述(申请人提供)：阅读的心理物理学-正常和低视力摘要阅读困难是500万视力低下的美国人最严重的视力丧失后果之一。获取印刷品的困难给教育、就业、社交和娱乐带来了障碍。正在进行的向数字文件制作和分发的过渡为视障人士带来了新的机会。计算机和移动设备上的数字文档允许轻松操作打印大小、对比度、字体、页面布局和文本的其他属性。简而言之，我们现在有了前所未有的机会来调整文本格式，以满足视障读者的需求。近年来，我们的实验室和视觉科学界的其他人员在了解不同形式的低视力对阅读的影响，以及阅读成绩对字符大小和对比度等关键文本属性的依赖方面取得了重大进展。但阅读技术的创新已经超过了我们对低视力阅读的了解。在将这些实验室发现转化为定制文本的方法方面仍然存在重大差距 为视力不佳的人准备的显示器。目前提案的广泛目的是应用我们关于视力障碍对阅读的影响的知识，以提供工具和方法，在现代数字阅读技术世界中提高阅读的可及性。我们的研究计划有三个具体目标：1)开发和验证MNREAD阅读视力测试的电子版，将这项技术扩展到除印刷尺寸之外的重要文本变量，并开发为低视力读者定制文本属性选择的方法。MNREAD是视觉研究中使用最广泛的阅读测试，最初是在NIH的支持下由我们的实验室开发的。2)调查低视力阅读的生态，以更好地了解iPad和Kindle等现代技术是如何被低视力者使用的。我们计划评估使用互联网方法调查低视力者阅读行为和目标的可行性，并在互联网上收集大致的视觉功能指标。我们还计划开发一种“可访问性检查器”，以帮助视力低下的计算机用户及其家人评估特定文本显示的可访问性。3)通过开发扩大视觉范围(不移动眼睛就可以识别的相邻字母的数量)的方法来提高阅读的可及性。视距缩短被认为是限制低视力阅读的主要因素，特别是对于黄斑变性导致中央视野丧失的人。我们已经演示了在周边视觉中扩大视觉范围的方法。我们计划开发一种更有效的感知训练方法来扩大视觉跨度，目标是提高中央视力丧失者的阅读成绩。