CORTICAL PROCESSING OF VISUAL MOTION

视觉运动的皮质处理

• 批准号: 3260784
• 负责人: William T Newsome
• 金额: $ 19.41万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-01-01 至 1992-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3260784
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; behavior test; brain mapping; eye movements; neural information processing; parietal lobe /cortex; sensorimotor system; visual cortex; visual fixation; visual pathways; visual tracking

The long-term objective of research in this laboratory is to understand how neuronal processing in extrastriate visual cortex contributes to visual perception and visually guided behavior. The proposed research will focus primarily on an extrastriate pathway that is thought to be involved in the analysis of visual motion. This pathway originates in striate cortex, continues through extrastriate areas MT and MST, and terminates in visuomotor regions of the parietal lobe. Recent neurological observations suggest that a similar pathway specifically related to visual motion information is present in humans. Such similarities indicate that the proposed studies of rhesus monkeys are likely to contribute directly to our developing knowledge of human vision and its diseases. Experiments will be carried out in awake, behaving monkeys trained to perform relevant perceptual and visuomotor tasks. Behavioral experiments are proposed that will identify the cortical areas involved in the perception of pattern on the basis of relative motion cues. Physiological experiments will investigate the neuronal basis of perceptual capabilities that we have studied psychophysically. An important component of this effort is to identify transformations in the visual information encoded by single neurons at progressively higher levels of the motion pathway. In particular, we will examine the physiological transformations that permit extraction of motion signals from a masking visual noise, and that permit reliable judgements of speed of moving objects. In the course of our visual experiments, we have developed a new behavioral paradigm that holds great promise for acquiring insight into the sensorimotor linkage between the visual and oculomotor systems. The key issue to be studied is how primates "select" visual targets for eye movements from among the many competing stimuli present in the visual image. In the new behavioral paradigm the "selection" event is separated in time from both the onset of the targets and execution of the eye movement. It is therefore possible to search for neuronal correlates of this higher order "selection" event in isolation from the strictly sensory and motor aspects of the task. Such experiments will shed light on the physiological mechanisms by which attentional phenomena mediate the interactions between sensory and motor systems.

该实验室研究的长期目标是 了解纹外视觉皮层的神经元处理方式 有助于视觉感知和视觉引导行为。 这 拟议的研究将主要集中在纹外通路上 这被认为涉及视觉运动的分析。 该通路起源于纹状皮层，继续通过 纹外区域 MT 和 MST，终止于视觉运动 顶叶区域。 最近的神经学观察 表明与视觉特别相关的类似途径 运动信息存在于人体中。 这样的相似之处 表明拟议的恒河猴研究可能 直接有助于我们发展人类视觉知识 及其疾病。 实验将在清醒、行为正常的猴子身上进行 接受训练以执行相关的知觉和视觉运动任务。 提出了行为实验来确定 参与模式感知的皮质区域 相对运动线索。 生理实验将研究 我们研究过的感知能力的神经元基础 心理物理上。 这项工作的一个重要组成部分是 识别视觉信息编码的转换 单个神经元的运动水平逐渐提高 途径。 特别是，我们将检查生理 允许从运动信号中提取的变换 掩盖视觉噪音，并允许可靠地判断速度 移动物体。 在我们的视觉实验过程中，我们开发了一种新的 行为范式为获取洞察力带来了巨大希望 视觉和动眼神经之间的感觉运动联系 系统。 要研究的关键问题是灵长类动物如何“选择” 眼球运动的视觉目标 视觉图像中存在的竞争刺激。 在新的 行为范式“选择”事件在时间上是分开的 从目标的开始和眼睛的执行 移动。 因此可以寻找神经元 与此高阶“选择”事件相关的隔离 任务的严格感觉和运动方面。 这样的 实验将揭示生理机制 哪些注意现象介导了之间的相互作用 感觉和运动系统。