STATOCYST-OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM/ADVANCED MARINE INVERTEBRATE

头足类的定囊-动眼系统达到最高水平 无脊椎动物之间的复杂性，在结构和 与其对应的脊椎动物前庭-动眼系统一起发挥作用， 在头足类中，过去18年的研究集中在 八达通系统。这个项目的目标是一个详细的形态和 十足类(乌贼和鱿鱼)系统的生理分析 在受体位置的水平上，与脊椎动物更接近 与八达通系统不同的是，该系统还额外提供了适当的 受体毛细胞的细胞内记录的准备，用于 相关脑区的慢性记录和慢性测量 这些由平衡控制的补偿性眼球运动 感受器。 本项目的具体目标和实现这些目标的方法(括号内)， (A)分析形态计量学、超微结构、神经元和 受体上皮细胞的突触组织(光和电子 显微镜、银和钴染色)，(B)确定功能 受体细胞和传入单位的特征(内和 细胞外记录)，(C)调查传出的影响 传入单位的神经支配(电生理学)，(D)确定 传入和传出纤维系统的传递体(HPL-层析， 电生理学)，(E)描述传入和传出脑 稳囊神经的通路(钴染色)，(F)以描述 动眼神经中枢的神经解剖(钴染色)，(G)以描绘 眼外肌和眼肌神经的排列(粗略-- 解剖、银染和钴染色)，(H)以确定 眼外肌运动神经元(HPL层析，肌肉活动 在发射机应用期间)，以及(I)分析补偿眼 运动和旋转后眼球震颤(巩膜探查圈法)。 头足类异同的比较信息 脊椎动物系统可以极大地帮助我们理解 它们的形态、生理和病理学的基本原理 高等脊椎动物的系统，包括人类。因为在头足类动物中 此外，系统的各个部分还可以很容易地访问 操作，头足类系统甚至可能在未来的实验中服务 作为脊椎动物系统的有用无脊椎动物模型进行研究。

The statocyst-oculomotor system of cephalopods attains the highest level of complexity among invertebrates, with striking parallels in structure and function with its vertebrate counterpart, the vestibulo-oculomotor system, In cephalopods, research during the past 18 years has concentrated on the system in Octopus. The aim of this project is a detailed morphological and physiological analysis of the decapod (cuttlefish and squid) system, which at the level of the receptor sites more closely parallels the vertebrate system and, contrary to the Octopus system, additionally provides suitable preparations for intracellular recordings from the receptor hair cells, for chronic recordings from the relevant brain areas and chronic measurements of those compensatory eye movements that are controlled by the equilibrium receptor organs. Specific aims of this project and methods (in brackets) for achieving them, are; (a) to analyze the morphometry, ultrastructure, and neuronal and synaptic organization of the receptor epithelia (light and electron microscopy, silver and cobalt staining), (b) to determine the functional characteristics of the receptor cells and afferent units (intra- and extracellular recordings), (c) to investigate the influence of the efferent innervation on the afferent units (electrophysiology), (d) to determine the transmitters of the afferent and efferent fiber system (HPL-chromatography, electrophysiology), (e) to describe the afferent and efferent brain pathways of the statocyst nerves (cobalt staining), (f) to describe the neuroanatomy of oculomotor center (cobalt staining), (g) to portray the arrangement of the extraocular eye muscles and eye muscle nerves (gross- anatomy, silver and cobalt staining), (h) to determine the transmitters of the extraocular eye muscle motoneurons (HPL-chromatography, muscle activity during transmitter application), and (i) to analyze the compensatory eye movements and post-rotatory nystagmus (scleral search coil method). Comparative information on similarities and differences of the cephalopod and vertebrate systems can substantially contribute to our understanding of the basic principles of morphology, physiology and pathology of these systems in higher vertebrates, including man. Since in cephalopods the various parts of the system furthermore are easily accessible for operations, the cephalopod system may even serve in future experimental research as a useful invertebrate model of the vertebrate system.