STATOCYST-OCULOMOTOR SYSTEM/ADVANCED MARINE INVERTEBRATE

头足类的平衡囊-眼托系统达到了 无脊椎动物之间的复杂性，在结构上有惊人的相似之处， 与脊椎动物的对应物前庭眼神经系统一起发挥作用， 在头足类动物中，过去18年的研究主要集中在 Octopus系统该项目的目的是一个详细的形态和 十足类（乌贼和鱿鱼）系统的生理分析， 在受体位点水平上， 系统，并与八达通系统相反，额外提供合适的 用于从受体毛细胞进行细胞内记录的制剂， 相关脑区的慢性记录和慢性测量 由平衡控制的补偿性眼球运动 受体器官 本项目的具体目标和实现这些目标的方法（括号内）， （a）分析形态计量学、超微结构和神经元， 受体上皮的突触组织（光和电子 显微镜检查，银和钴染色），（B）确定功能性 受体细胞和传入单位的特性（内部和 细胞外记录），（c）研究传出的影响， 神经支配的传入单位（电生理学），（d）以确定 传入和传出纤维系统的递质（HPLC-色谱法， 电生理学），（e）描述传入和传出脑 平衡囊神经的通路（钴染色），（f）描述平衡囊神经的通路。 视神经中枢的神经解剖学（钴染色），（g）描绘 眼外眼肌和眼肌神经的排列（大体上， 解剖学、银和钴染色），（h）确定 眼外肌运动神经元（HPL-色谱，肌肉活性 在发射器应用期间），以及（i）分析补偿眼 运动和旋转后眼球震颤（巩膜探测线圈法）。 头足类相似性和差异的比较信息 和脊椎动物系统可以大大有助于我们理解 形态学、生理学和病理学的基本原理 系统在高等脊椎动物，包括人。因为在头足类动物， 此外，系统的各个部分是容易接近的， 操作，头足类动物系统甚至可以在未来的实验中使用， 研究作为一个有用的无脊椎动物模型的脊椎动物系统。

The statocyst-oculomotor system of cephalopods attains the highest level of complexity among invertebrates, with striking parallels in structure and function with its vertebrate counterpart, the vestibulo-oculomotor system, In cephalopods, research during the past 18 years has concentrated on the system in Octopus. The aim of this project is a detailed morphological and physiological analysis of the decapod (cuttlefish and squid) system, which at the level of the receptor sites more closely parallels the vertebrate system and, contrary to the Octopus system, additionally provides suitable preparations for intracellular recordings from the receptor hair cells, for chronic recordings from the relevant brain areas and chronic measurements of those compensatory eye movements that are controlled by the equilibrium receptor organs. Specific aims of this project and methods (in brackets) for achieving them, are; (a) to analyze the morphometry, ultrastructure, and neuronal and synaptic organization of the receptor epithelia (light and electron microscopy, silver and cobalt staining), (b) to determine the functional characteristics of the receptor cells and afferent units (intra- and extracellular recordings), (c) to investigate the influence of the efferent innervation on the afferent units (electrophysiology), (d) to determine the transmitters of the afferent and efferent fiber system (HPL-chromatography, electrophysiology), (e) to describe the afferent and efferent brain pathways of the statocyst nerves (cobalt staining), (f) to describe the neuroanatomy of oculomotor center (cobalt staining), (g) to portray the arrangement of the extraocular eye muscles and eye muscle nerves (gross- anatomy, silver and cobalt staining), (h) to determine the transmitters of the extraocular eye muscle motoneurons (HPL-chromatography, muscle activity during transmitter application), and (i) to analyze the compensatory eye movements and post-rotatory nystagmus (scleral search coil method). Comparative information on similarities and differences of the cephalopod and vertebrate systems can substantially contribute to our understanding of the basic principles of morphology, physiology and pathology of these systems in higher vertebrates, including man. Since in cephalopods the various parts of the system furthermore are easily accessible for operations, the cephalopod system may even serve in future experimental research as a useful invertebrate model of the vertebrate system.