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FARMS-SAFE: Future-proofing Antibacterial resistance Risk Management Surveillance and Stewardship in the Argentinian Farming Environment

FARMS-SAFE：阿根廷农业环境中面向未来的抗菌药物耐药性风险管理监测和管理

基本信息

批准号：
BB/T004592/1
负责人：
Kristen Reyher
金额：
$ 131.13万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FT004592%2F1
关键词：
FARMS SAFE Future proofing Antibacterial

项目摘要

Antibacterial drug resistance (ABR) is a global threat to health and development and a problem that is getting steadilyworse. Within Latin America, Argentina has been tracking levels of ABR in human infections since 1986. Argentina wasalso the first country in the region to develop a national strategy for the control of ABR. This national Strategy takes astarting assumption that the use of antibacterial drugs (ABs) in livestock agriculture is in part responsible for the threatof ABR in humans. The use of ABs on farms can potentially result in ABR human infections via 3 main pathways: (1)ABR bacteria selected in the farm environment infect humans, or at least the mobile ABR genes carried within themare transmitted to bacteria that infect humans; (2) Agricultural AB residues in food are ingested by humans, selectingfor ABR in human bacteria; (3) Agricultural ABs contaminate the non-farm environment, selecting ABR in bacteriathere, which then infect humans. In Argentina, data are extremely limited for the amount of ABR bacteria on farmsand in the near-farm environment. Furthermore, whilst AB residues are monitored in foodstuffs entering the formalmarket, there is a significant informal market, and AB levels in the environment are not routinely measured. Onepotential response to the rising threat of ABR is regulation, and both international organizations - led by the WHO -and individual countries have sought to formulate, for example, new regulatory frameworks to address the and use ofABs in farming, as well as the management of farm waste. As the O'Neill report recognises, however, developingcountries "...will need extra support and additional time to train veterinarians, develop regulations, build surveillancecapacity and improve farming practices". The premise of this project - FARMS-SAFE - is that as well as providing bettersurveillance information for ABR and AB usage, extra support for Argentina and other Latin American countries shouldencompass a risk-based approach to the design of regulation as well as to the strengthening of enforcement capacities;their weakness is another source of risk.FARMS-SAFE will address this issue by reference to four key risk areas via an UK/Argentinian research consortium:1. Animal disease as a driver of ABR risk - We will identify why farmers use ABs in the context of animal disease.2. Animal husbandry practice as a driver of ABR risk - We will identify what farm management practices are beingemployed that influence the usage of ABs and will perform surveillance of the usage of ABs on farms in Argentina.3. Farm waste management as a driver of ABR risk. We will perform surveillance of ABR bacteria with clearpotential to affect human health on farms in the near farm environment and will measure the levels of ABs and other chemicals in the near-farm environment. We will correlate ABR with AB usage and will identify management riskfactors for ABR and AB contamination in the environment.4. Regulatory capacity as a driver of ABR risk. We will identify the key individuals and organisations involved inregulation of ABR and work with them to develop tools that can be used to regulate in a way that is informed by therisks that drive ABR.This work will lead to significant new understanding of the prevalence and causes of ABR in Argentinian farmingsystems, how this influences the near-farm environment (and so potentially influences human health) and will informpolicy making within Argentina, Latin America and the wider world. We will also create a surveillance structure andtrained researchers who can continue to monitor ABR, AB usage and environmental contamination with ABs and ABRinto the future, and who can measure success and failure of strategies employed to reduce this risk.

抗菌药物耐药（ABR）是一个全球性的健康和发展威胁，并日益严重的问题。在拉丁美洲，阿根廷自1986年以来一直在跟踪人类感染中的ABR水平。阿根廷也是该区域第一个制定控制ABR国家战略的国家。这一国家战略首先假定，畜牧业中抗菌药物的使用是造成人类抗菌药耐药性威胁的部分原因。在农场使用抗体可能通过3个主要途径导致ABR人类感染：(1)在农场环境中选择的ABR细菌感染人类，或者至少其中携带的移动ABR基因被传播给感染人类的细菌；(2)食品中的农业单克隆抗体残留被人体摄入，对人体细菌中的单克隆抗体进行筛选；(3)农业抗体污染非农业环境，在细菌中选择ABR，然后感染人类。在阿根廷，关于农场和农场附近环境中ABR细菌数量的数据极为有限。此外，虽然对进入正规市场的食品中的AB残留进行了监测，但在非正规市场中存在大量AB残留，而且环境中的AB水平也没有常规测量。对ABR日益严重的威胁的一个潜在应对措施是监管，以世卫组织为首的国际组织和个别国家都在寻求制定新的监管框架，例如，解决农业中ABR的使用和农业废物的管理问题。然而，正如奥尼尔报告所承认的那样，发展中国家“……将需要额外的支持和额外的时间来培训兽医、制定法规、建立监测能力和改进农业实践。”“农场安全”项目的前提是，除了为ABR和ABR的使用提供更好的监测信息外，还应向阿根廷和其他拉丁美洲国家提供额外支持，包括在制定法规和加强执法能力方面采用基于风险的方法；它们的弱点是另一个风险来源。farm - safe将通过一个英国/阿根廷研究联盟，参照四个关键风险领域来解决这一问题：动物疾病作为ABR风险的驱动因素-我们将确定为什么农民在动物疾病的背景下使用抗体。作为ABR风险驱动因素的畜牧业实践-我们将确定正在采用的影响ABs使用的农场管理实践，并将对阿根廷农场的ABs使用情况进行监测。农场废物管理是ABR风险的驱动因素。我们将对农场附近环境中明显可能影响人类健康的ABR细菌进行监测，并将测量农场附近环境中抗体和其他化学物质的水平。我们将把ABR与AB的使用联系起来，并将确定环境中ABR和AB污染的管理风险因素。监管能力是ABR风险的驱动因素。我们将确定参与ABR监管的关键个人和组织，并与他们合作开发可用于以驱动ABR的风险为基础的方式进行监管的工具。这项工作将导致对阿根廷农业系统中ABR的流行和原因的重要新认识，以及它如何影响农场附近的环境（因此可能影响人类健康），并将为阿根廷、拉丁美洲和更广泛的世界的政策制定提供信息。我们还将建立一个监测结构和训练有素的研究人员，他们可以继续监测ABR、AB的使用情况以及AB和abrr对环境的污染，并可以衡量为降低这种风险而采取的策略的成功和失败。