Mechanisms of pathogen suppression of NLR-mediated immunity

NLR 介导的免疫的病原体抑制机制

• 批准号: BB/V002937/1
• 负责人: Sophien Kamoun
• 金额: $ 48.44万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FV002937%2F1
• 关键词: Mechanisms; pathogen; suppression; NLR; mediated

Just like humans, plants get sick. They can be infected by parasites as diverse as oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematode worms and insects. But, also like humans, plants have an immune system that helps them defend against disease. Their first line of defence are disease resistance genes. Many of these genes encode so-called immune receptors, which are proteins that detect parasites and kick-off the immune response.Plant genomes may encode anywhere between 50 and 1000 immune receptors; some of which work solo as singletons, while others operate in pairs or as complex networks. One driving force behind the evolution of immune receptors is gene duplication. Receptor genes duplicate and afterwards the two copies can evolve in different ways. The original immune receptors are multi-tasking proteins that detect parasites and trigger the immune response. Following gene duplication, evolution has led immune receptors to specialize. Some receptors became dedicated to pathogen detection and lost the ability to trigger a defence response on their own, whereas others operate in concert with these sensor receptors to trigger the immune response.This project will study how a plant pathogen counteract an immune receptor network of its host plant. We will focus on the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans and determine the mechanism by which it suppresses the function of the subset of immune receptors that trigger the immune response. Understanding the interplay between plant pathogens and their host's immune receptors would generate fundamental knowledge about the functioning principles that determine the outcomes of these interactions, which in turn would set the stage for researchers to be able to use them to protect agricultural crops from disease.A better understanding of how these complex interactions between pathogens and plant immune receptor operate should set the stage for breeding crop plants that are better able to resist diseases. Our long-term aim is to understand the dynamics of plant-pathogen interactions in sufficient detail to improve our capacity to protect plants against crop diseases.

就像人类一样，植物也会生病。它们可以被各种寄生虫感染，如卵菌、真菌、细菌、病毒、蠕虫和昆虫。但是，和人类一样，植物也有一个免疫系统，可以帮助它们抵御疾病。它们的第一道防线是抗病基因。这些基因中的许多编码所谓的免疫受体，这是一种检测寄生虫并启动免疫反应的蛋白质。植物基因组可能编码50到1000个免疫受体;其中一些作为单体单独工作，而另一些则以成对或复杂的网络形式工作。免疫受体进化背后的一个驱动力是基因复制。受体基因复制，然后两个拷贝可以以不同的方式进化。最初的免疫受体是多任务蛋白质，可以检测寄生虫并触发免疫反应。在基因复制之后，进化导致免疫受体特化。有些感受器专门用来探测病原体，失去了自己触发防御反应的能力，而另一些感受器则与这些感受器协同工作，触发免疫反应。本项目将研究植物病原体如何抵消其宿主植物的免疫受体网络。我们将专注于马铃薯枯萎病病原体致病疫霉，并确定其抑制免疫受体亚群触发免疫反应的功能的机制。了解植物病原体与其宿主免疫受体之间的相互作用将产生关于决定这些相互作用结果的功能原理的基本知识，更好地理解病原体和植物免疫受体之间复杂的相互作用，将为作物育种奠定基础更能抵抗疾病的植物。我们的长期目标是充分详细地了解植物-病原体相互作用的动态，以提高我们保护植物免受作物病害的能力。

项目成果

Genome assemblies of the blast fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) spp. collected from wild grasses in Germany

瘟疫真菌 Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyrularia) spp. 的基因组组装。

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7010080
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Barragan A

Effector-dependent activation and oligomerization of plant NRC class helper NLRs by sensor NLR immune receptors Rpi-amr3 and Rpi-amr1.

• DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111484
• 发表时间: 2023-03-01
• 期刊: The EMBO journal

NLR receptor networks in plants

植物中的 NLR 受体网络

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6331495
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Adachi H

The ancient guardian: ZAR1 evolutionary journey and adaptations

远古守护者：ZAR1的进化历程和适应

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8385520
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Adachi H