Genome evolution of a pandemic clonal lineage of the wheat blast fungus

麦瘟真菌大流行克隆谱系的基因组进化

• 批准号: BB/W008157/1
• 负责人: Sophien Kamoun
• 金额: $ 79.21万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FW008157%2F1
• 关键词: Genome; evolution; pandemic; clonal; lineage

Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum, the causal agent of wheat blast, is a fungus with devastating implications for the wheat crop. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) has described wheat blast in a Priority Brief as a "deadly and baffling foe". "Global monitoring of disease appearances, movement, and evolution" and "Genetic and epidemiological research" are two of the four priorities listed by CIMMYT.The disease was originally detected in Brazilian wheat fields in 1985 and quickly spread over most of the South American continent in the following years. In 2016, the first wheat blast pandemic beyond South America hit Bangladesh and affected more than 15 000 hectares of fields, causing huge losses in wheat yield. Less than two years later, Zambian farmers were also struck by the wheat blast pandemic, a first for the African continent. Until recently, there has been no confirmation if this pandemic was caused by the same pathogen which had travelled between the continents or if they were the result of other Magnaporthe oryzae pathogen strains shifting their host species to wheat.To answer this question, our teams at The Sainsbury Laboratory, University College London, and several collaborators throughout the world processed and analysed samples of pandemic wheat blast from the three continents through the OpenWheatBlast open science initiative. Molecular analyses linked the pathogen populations in Zambia and Bangladesh to a single pandemic clone called B71 that originated in South America.Our preliminary analyses revealed that this pandemic clone of the wheat blast fungus is evolving. This project will continue and expand wheat blast genomic surveillance in Africa over the coming years and generate genomics-informed knowledge to guide the response to the pandemic. More specifically, we will rapidly identify the emergence of new variants, determine the precise nature of the underpinning genetic changes, and evaluate the impact of these variants on disease severity. A better understanding of how the pandemic wheat blast fungus evolves should inform knowledge-guided disease management and breeding wheat plants that are better able to resist diseases. Our long-term aim is to fully integrate genomic surveillance in the response to plant health emergencies to improve our capacity to protect plants against crop diseases.

稻瘟病菌致病型小麦是小麦瘟病的病原体，是一种对小麦作物具有毁灭性影响的真菌。国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）在一份优先简报中将小麦瘟病描述为“致命且令人困惑的敌人”。 “全球监测疾病的出现、运动和演变”和“遗传和流行病学研究”是CIMMYT列出的四个优先事项中的两个。该疾病最初于1985年在巴西麦田中被发现，并在随后的几年中迅速蔓延到南美大陆的大部分地区。 2016年，南美洲以外的首场小麦瘟疫袭击了孟加拉国，影响了超过15000公顷的田地，造成小麦产量巨大损失。不到两年后，赞比亚农民也遭受了小麦瘟疫大流行的打击，这在非洲大陆尚属首次。直到最近，还没有确认这次大流行是否是由在各大洲之间传播的同一种病原体引起的，或者是否是其他米瘟病菌病原体菌株将宿主物种转移到小麦的结果。为了回答这个问题，我们伦敦大学学院塞恩斯伯里实验室的团队和世界各地的几位合作者通过 OpenWheatBlast 开放科学处理和分析了来自三大洲的大流行性小麦瘟疫样本。 倡议。分子分析将赞比亚和孟加拉国的病原体种群与起源于南美的名为 B71 的单一大流行克隆联系起来。我们的初步分析表明，麦瘟真菌的这种大流行克隆正在进化。该项目将在未来几年继续并扩大非洲的小麦瘟疫基因组监测，并产生基因组学知识来指导应对这一流行病。更具体地说，我们将快速识别新变异的出现，确定基础遗传变化的精确性质，并评估这些变异对疾病严重程度的影响。更好地了解大流行性麦瘟真菌如何进化，可以为知识指导的疾病管理和培育能够更好地抵抗疾病的小麦植物提供信息。我们的长期目标是将基因组监测充分整合到植物卫生紧急情况的应对中，以提高我们保护植物免受农作物病害的能力。

项目成果

The ancient guardian: ZAR1 evolutionary journey and adaptations

远古守护者：ZAR1的进化历程和适应

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8385520
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Adachi H

NLR receptor networks in plants

植物中的 NLR 受体网络

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6331495
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Adachi H

The high molecular weight complex formed by the plant immune receptor Rx does not contain host protein RanGAP2

植物免疫受体Rx形成的高分子量复合物不含宿主蛋白RanGAP2

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7398799
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Contreras M

Genome assemblies of the blast fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) spp. collected from wild grasses in Germany

瘟疫真菌 Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyrularia) spp. 的基因组组装。

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7010080
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Barragan A

Multiple horizontal mini-chromosome transfers drive genome evolution of clonal blast fungus lineages

• DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580079
• 发表时间: 2024-02
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: A. C. Barragan;Sergio M. Latorre;Angus Malmgren;A. Harant;J. Win;Yu Sugihara;Hernán A. Burbano;S. Kamoun;Thorsten Langner